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The Man Who Laughs
The Man Who Laughs

Chapter XCIII · Chapter 93

Chapter 93 of The Man Who Laughs is here in full — 185 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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ARISTOCRATIC GOSSIP.
By degrees the seats of the House filled as the Lords arrived.
The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.
Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.
This raised the sitting to a royal one.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Man Who Laughs

Chapter XCIII · Chapter 93

Chapter 93 of The Man Who Laughs is here in full — 185 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ARISTOCRATIC GOSSIP.
/ərˌɪstəˈkrætɪk ˈɡɑːsəp/
Line 2
By degrees the seats of the House filled as the Lords arrived.
/baɪ dɪˈɡriːz ðə siːts ʌv ðə haʊs fɪld æz ðə lɔːrdz ərˈaɪvd/
Line 3
The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.
/ðə ˈkwestʃən wɑːz ðə voʊt fɔːr ˈɔːɡmentɪŋ baɪ ə ˈhʌndrəd ˈθaʊzənd paʊndz ˈstɜːrlɪŋ ðə ˈænjuːəl ˈɪnkʌm ʌv dʒɔːrdʒ ʌv ˈdenmɑːrk duːk ʌv ˈkʌmbərlənd ðə kwiːnz ˈhʌzbənd/
Line 4
Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.
Line 5
This raised the sitting to a royal one.
/ðɪs reɪzd ðə ˈsɪtɪŋ tuː ə ˈrɔɪəl wʌn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

annual adjective US /ˈænjuːəl/

completing its life cycle within a year

From this reading “The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.”

augmenting verb US /ˈɔːɡmentɪŋ/

-ing form of “augment” — enlarge or increase

From this reading “The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.”

Commissioners noun US /kəˈmɪʃənərz/

plural of “commissioner” — a government administrator

From this reading “Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.”

Cumberland noun US /ˈkʌmbərlənd/

English general; son of George II; fought unsuccessfully in the battle of Fontenoy (1721-1765)

From this reading “The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.”

Denmark noun US /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading “The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.”

empowered adjective US /ɪmˈpaʊərd/

invested with legal power or official authority especially as symbolized by having a scepter

From this reading “Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.”

sanction noun US /ˈsæŋkʃən/

formal and explicit approval

From this reading “Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.”

sterling adjective US /ˈstɜːrlɪŋ/

highest in quality

From this reading “The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

announcedadjectiveUS /əˈnaʊnst/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

annualadjectiveUS /ˈænjuːəl/

completing its life cycle within a year

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

ARISTOCRATICadjectiveUS /ərˌɪstəˈkrætɪk/

belonging to or characteristic of the nobility or aristocracy

From this reading ARISTOCRATIC GOSSIP.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading By degrees the seats of the House filled as the Lords arrived.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading By degrees the seats of the House filled as the Lords arrived.

assented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

augmentingverbUS /ˈɔːɡmentɪŋ/

-ing form of “augment” — enlarge or increase

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

BesidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

billsnounUS /bɪlz/

plural of “bill” — a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By degrees the seats of the House filled as the Lords arrived.

chargedadjectiveUS /tʃɑːrdʒd/

of a particle or body or system; having a net amount of positive or negative electric charge

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

CommissionersnounUS /kəˈmɪʃənərz/

plural of “commissioner” — a government administrator

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

CrownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

CumberlandnounUS /ˈkʌmbərlənd/

English general; son of George II; fought unsuccessfully in the battle of Fontenoy (1721-1765)

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading By degrees the seats of the House filled as the Lords arrived.

DenmarknounUS /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

empoweredadjectiveUS /ɪmˈpaʊərd/

invested with legal power or official authority especially as symbolized by having a scepter

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading By degrees the seats of the House filled as the Lords arrived.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

GOSSIPnounUS /ˈɡɑːsəp/

light informal conversation for social occasions

From this reading ARISTOCRATIC GOSSIP.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading By degrees the seats of the House filled as the Lords arrived.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

incomenounUS /ˈɪnkʌm/

the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

LordsnounUS /lɔːrdz/

plural of “lord” — terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading By degrees the seats of the House filled as the Lords arrived.

MajestynounUS /ˈmædʒəsti/

impressiveness in scale or proportion

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading By degrees the seats of the House filled as the Lords arrived.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading This raised the sitting to a royal one.

poundsnounUS /paʊndz/

plural of “pound” — 16 ounces avoirdupois

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

queen'snounUS /kwiːnz/

possessive form of “queen” — the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading This raised the sitting to a royal one.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading This raised the sitting to a royal one.

sanctionnounUS /ˈsæŋkʃən/

formal and explicit approval

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

seatsnounUS /siːts/

an area that includes places where several people can sit

From this reading By degrees the seats of the House filled as the Lords arrived.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading This raised the sitting to a royal one.

sterlingadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrlɪŋ/

highest in quality

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading By degrees the seats of the House filled as the Lords arrived.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

votenounUS /voʊt/

a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The question was the vote for augmenting, by a hundred thousand pounds sterling, the annual income of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, the queen’s husband.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Besides this, it was announced that several bills assented to by her Majesty were to be brought back to the House by the Commissioners of the Crown empowered and charged to sanction them.

Chapter 93 of The Man Who Laughs by Victor Hugo holds 185 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 93 of The Man Who Laughs contain?

Chapter 93 holds 185 sentences of The Man Who Laughs, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 93 of The Man Who Laughs by Victor Hugo exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 185 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 93 of The Man Who Laughs?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 93 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 93 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in The Man Who Laughs

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Man Who Laughs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The Man Who Laughs, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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