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The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3)
The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3) is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3)
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE GRAHAMS OF DUNDARGUE.
Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'
Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.
'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.
These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3) is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE GRAHAMS OF DUNDARGUE.
Line 2
Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'
Line 3
Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.
Line 4
'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.
/ˈdɑːnteɪ sez ˈvɪktər ˈhjuːɡoʊ wen dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ðæt ɪn ðə ˈbæstɪl kʊd faɪnd ˈnʌθɪŋ ˈbetər fɔːr ðə kənˈstrʌkʃən ʌv hɪz hel/
Line 5
These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bastille noun US /ˈbæstɪl/

a fortress built in Paris in the 14th century and used as a prison in the 17th and 18th centuries; it was destroyed July 14, 1789 at the start of the French Revolution

From this reading “'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.”

Dante noun US /ˈdɑːnteɪ/

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)

From this reading “'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.”

grahams noun US /ɡræmz/

plural of “graham” — United States evangelical preacher famous as a mass evangelist (born in 1918)

From this reading “THE GRAHAMS OF DUNDARGUE.”

outlet noun US /ˈaʊtlet/

a place of business for retailing goods

From this reading “Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.”

peel verb US /piːl/

strip the skin off

From this reading “Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'”

precipitated verb US /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪtɪd/

past form of “precipitate” — bring about abruptly

From this reading “Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.”

sipping verb US /ˈsɪpɪŋ/

inflected form of “sip” — drink in sips

From this reading “Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'”

terminated adjective US /ˈtɜːrməneɪtɪd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading “These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

few yards adjective + noun counted as “few yard”

In this reading “Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'”

deep hole adjective + noun

In this reading “These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.”

great depth adjective + noun

In this reading “Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.”

handsome women adjective + noun counted as “handsome woman”

In this reading “Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'”

best style noun + noun

In this reading “Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

AndrewsnounUS /ˈændruːz/

United States naturalist who contributed to paleontology and geology (1884-1960)

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

BastillenounUS /ˈbæstɪl/

a fortress built in Paris in the 14th century and used as a prison in the 17th and 18th centuries; it was destroyed July 14, 1789 at the start of the French Revolution

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

bottlenounUS /ˈbɑːtəl/

a glass or plastic vessel used for storing drinks or other liquids; typically cylindrical without handles and with a narrow neck that can be plugged or capped

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

chattingverbUS /ˈtʃætɪŋ/

inflected form of “chat” — talk socially without exchanging too much information

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

condemnedverbUS /kənˈdemd/

past form of “condemn” — express strong disapproval of

From this reading These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

criminaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪmənəl/

bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

From this reading These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.

DantenounUS /ˈdɑːnteɪ/

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.

depthnounUS /depθ/

the extent downward or backward or inward

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

describingverbUS /dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ/

-ing form of “describe” — give a description of

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

drawing-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

DUNDARGUE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GRAHAMS OF DUNDARGUE.

dungeonnounUS /ˈdʌndʒən/

the main tower within the walls of a medieval castle or fortress

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

dungeon-funnels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.

elegantadjectiveUS /ˈeləɡənt/

refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

forgetverbUS /fərˈɡet/

dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

GRAHAMSnounUS /ɡræmz/

plural of “graham” — United States evangelical preacher famous as a mass evangelist (born in 1918)

From this reading THE GRAHAMS OF DUNDARGUE.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

handsomeadjectiveUS /ˈhænsəm/

pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

hellnounUS /hel/

any place of pain and turmoil

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

hideousadjectiveUS /ˈhɪdiəs/

grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

holenounUS /hoʊl/

an opening into or through something

From this reading These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.

HugonounUS /ˈhjuːɡoʊ/

French poet and novelist and dramatist; leader of the romantic movement in France (1802-1885)

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

imaginedverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒənd/

past form of “imagine” — form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

Linlithgow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE GRAHAMS OF DUNDARGUE.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

oubliettenoun

a dungeon with the only entrance or exit being a trap door in the ceiling

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

outletnounUS /ˈaʊtlet/

a place of business for retailing goods

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

peelverbUS /piːl/

strip the skin off

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.

precipitatedverbUS /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪtɪd/

past form of “precipitate” — bring about abruptly

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

SatannounUS /ˈseɪtən/

(Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell

From this reading These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

ShapedadjectiveUS /ʃeɪpt/

shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort)

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

sippingverbUS /ˈsɪpɪŋ/

inflected form of “sip” — drink in sips

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

statelyadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtli/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

teanounUS /tiː/

a beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

terminatedadjectiveUS /ˈtɜːrməneɪtɪd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE GRAHAMS OF DUNDARGUE.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

totallyadverbUS /ˈtoʊtəli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

tubnounUS /tʌb/

a relatively large open container that you fill with water and use to wash the body

From this reading These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading These dungeon-funnels usually terminated in a deep hole like a tub, in which Dante has placed his Satan, and in which society placed the criminal condemned to death.

VictornounUS /ˈvɪktər/

a combatant who is able to defeat rivals

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading 'Dante,' says Victor Hugo, when describing that in the Bastille, 'could find nothing better for the construction of his hell.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Shaped like a bottle, it was--and is--totally dark and of great depth, with no outlet but its narrow mouth, through which prisoners were precipitated and left to die.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

yardsnounUS /jɑːrdz/

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading Who would have imagined that within a few yards of the elegant and stately modern drawing-room in which these three handsome women of the best style were chatting and sipping their tea, there still existed within the old walls of Dundargue a hideous oubliette or bottle dungeon, like those that were in the Castle of St. Andrews and ancient peel of Linlithgow--so named from the French word to 'forget.'

Chapter 4 of The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3) by James Grant holds 130 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3) contain?

Chapter 4 holds 130 sentences of The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3), unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3) by James Grant exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 130 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3)?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3)

Common questions about reading The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3) by James Grant on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3)?

Yes. All 1563 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #65615 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #65615, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3) take to read?

About 130 minutes of reading across 313 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3) section by section

How to work through The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3)

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cameronians
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Master of Aberfeldie, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.