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The Mentor — No. 26
The Mentor — No. 26

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Mentor — No. 26 is here in full — 228 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.
In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.
As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.
The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.
Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Mentor — No. 26

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Mentor — No. 26 is here in full — 228 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.
Line 2
In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.
Line 3
As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.
/æz ðə ˈsetəlmənts dɪˈveləpt ənd ðə əˈmenətiz ʌv laɪf ˌɪnˈkriːst ˈbetər men keɪm ənd ˈneɪtɪv ˈpeɪntərz wɜːr faʊnd ənˈtɪl əˈbaʊt ðə end ʌv ðə eɪˈtiːnθ ˈsentʃəri ə ˈpɔːrtrət skuːl ʌv sərˈpraɪzɪŋ ˈmerət ərˈoʊz ˈfaʊndɪd ɑːn ðə kənˈtempəreri ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ skuːl ənd dɪˈveləpt men laɪk ˈkɑːpli ˈstuːərt ənd ˈsʌli/
Line 4
The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.
Line 5
Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

allegory noun US /ˈæləɡɔːri/

a short moral story (often with animal characters)

From this reading “The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.”

amenities noun US /əˈmenətiz/

things that make you comfortable and at ease

From this reading “As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.”

beginnings noun US /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋz/

plural of “beginning” — the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading “The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.”

Copley noun US /ˈkɑːpli/

American painter who did portraits of Paul Revere and John Hancock before fleeing to England to avoid the American Revolution (1738-1815)

From this reading “As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.”

genre noun US /ˈʒɑːnrə/

a kind of literary or artistic work

From this reading “The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.”

Mentor noun US /ˈmentɔːr/

a wise and trusted guide and advisor

From this reading “The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.”

Sully verb US /ˈsʌli/

place under suspicion or cast doubt upon

From this reading “As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.”

unskilled adjective US /ənˈskɪld/

not having or showing or requiring special skill or proficiency

From this reading “In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eighteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.”

Landscape Painters noun + noun counted as “landscape painter”

In this reading “The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.”

twenty-seven years noun + noun

In this reading “Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.”

gave up verb + adjective counted as “give up”

lose (s.th.) or lose the right to (s.th.) by some error, offense, or crime

In this reading “Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.”

came from verb + particle counted as “come from”

In this reading “In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1820

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

26

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

allegorynounUS /ˈæləɡɔːri/

a short moral story (often with animal characters)

From this reading The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

amenitiesnounUS /əˈmenətiz/

things that make you comfortable and at ease

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

aroseverbUS /ərˈoʊz/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

artistnounUS /ˈɑːrtəst/

a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

attemptedadjectiveUS /əˈtemptɪd/

tried unsuccessfully

From this reading The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.

beginningsnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋz/

plural of “beginning” — the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

colonialadjectiveUS /kəˈloʊniəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

confinedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnd/

not invading healthy tissue

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

contemporariesnounUS /kənˈtempəreriz/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

contemporaryadjectiveUS /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

CopleynounUS /ˈkɑːpli/

American painter who did portraits of Paul Revere and John Hancock before fleeing to England to avoid the American Revolution (1738-1815)

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

delicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

divines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

Doughty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

effigies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

encouragementnounUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒmənt/

the expression of approval and support

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

exclusivelyadverbUS /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/

without any others being included or involved

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

FaithfuladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪθfəl/

steadfast in affection or allegiance

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

foundedverbUS /ˈfaʊndɪd/

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

FriendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

genrenounUS /ˈʒɑːnrə/

a kind of literary or artistic work

From this reading The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

grotesqueadjectiveUS /ɡroʊˈtesk/

distorted and unnatural in shape or size; abnormal and hideous

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

GuidenounUS /ɡaɪd/

someone employed to conduct others

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

increasedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

LandscapenounUS /ˈlændskeɪp/

an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

leathernounUS /ˈleðər/

an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

limners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

MentornounUS /ˈmentɔːr/

a wise and trusted guide and advisor

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

meritnounUS /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

PaintersnounUS /ˈpeɪntərz/

plural of “painter” — an artist who paints

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

paintingnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/

graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

portraitnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrət/

a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

ProbablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

rarelyadverbUS /ˈrerli/

not often

From this reading The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.

resultsnounUS /rɪˈzʌlts/

plural of “result” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

settlementsnounUS /ˈsetəlmənts/

plural of “settlement” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

statesmennounUS /ˈsteɪtsmɪn/

plural of “statesman” — a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.

StuartnounUS /ˈstuːərt/

United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington (1755-1828)

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

SullyverbUS /ˈsʌli/

place under suspicion or cast doubt upon

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

surprisingadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzɪŋ/

causing surprise or wonder or amazement

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

tonesnounUS /toʊnz/

plural of “tone” — the quality of a person's voice

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

twenty-sevennoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-six and one

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

unsatisfactoryadjectiveUS /ˌʌnsətɪˈsfæktəri/

not giving satisfaction

From this reading The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.

unskilledadjectiveUS /ənˈskɪld/

not having or showing or requiring special skill or proficiency

From this reading In the earliest colonial times unskilled limners came from the mother country and made grotesque effigies of our statesmen and divines.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading As the settlements developed and the amenities of life increased better men came, and native painters were found, until about the end of the eighteenth century a portrait school of surprising merit arose, founded on the contemporary English school, and developed men like Copley, Stuart, and Sully.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.

viewsnounUS /vjuːz/

plural of “view” — a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

violetnounUS /ˈvaɪəlɪt/

any of numerous low-growing violas with small flowers

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

WiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading The Mentor, No. 26, American Landscape Painters “A Wise and Faithful Guide and Friend” The beginnings of art in America were confined almost exclusively to portrait painting.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The other branches of painting, however,--history, allegory, genre, still life, landscape, and the rest,--were rarely attempted, and usually with unsatisfactory results.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Probably no artist devoted himself entirely to landscape until 1820, when Thomas Doughty, who was already twenty-seven years old, gave up his leather trade and took to painting American views in delicate gray and violet tones, with small encouragement from his contemporaries.

Chapter 1 of The Mentor — No. 26 by Samuel Isham holds 228 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Mentor — No. 26 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 228 sentences of The Mentor — No. 26, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Mentor — No. 26 by Samuel Isham exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 228 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Mentor — No. 26?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Mentor — No. 26

Common questions about reading The Mentor — No. 26 by Samuel Isham on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Mentor — No. 26?

Yes. All 228 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #49890 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Mentor — No. 26 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #49890, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Mentor — No. 26 take to read?

About 19 minutes of reading across 46 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Mentor — No. 26 section by section

How to work through The Mentor — No. 26 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of The Mentor — No. 26 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Mentor — No. 26

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Mentor — No. 26, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mentor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mentor — No. 26; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mentor — No. 26; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Landscape
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mentor — No. 26; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Painters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mentor — No. 26; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.