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The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271
The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271 is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271
Context Illustration Reading 34/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.
That _I_ should take food was quite out of the question.
But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.
I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.
"O sentiment!"
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271 is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 34/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 166–170

Line 1
Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.
Line 2
That _I_ should take food was quite out of the question.
/ðæt aɪ ʃʊd teɪk fuːd wɑːz kwaɪt aʊt ʌv ðə ˈkwestʃən/
Line 3
But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.
/bʌt ðə wɪŋ ʌv ə faʊl ˈhævɪŋ bɪn pʊt ɑːn maɪ pleɪt aɪ θɔːt ɪt wʊd biː ˈruːdnəs tuː rɪˈdʒekt ɪt/
Line 4
I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.
/aɪ bɪˈɡæn tuː iːt ˈɪnwərdli rɪˈflektɪŋ ðæt maɪ ˈæbstənəns wʊd ˈnʌθɪŋ ˈbenəfɪt ðoʊz huːz ˈsʌfərɪŋz aɪ hæd stɪl ɪn maɪ ˈmem.ər.i ənd ˌɪmˈpruːvɪŋ ɑːn ðɪs ˈrekənsaɪlɪŋ θɔːt aɪ ˈprezəntli dɪˈtektəd ˌmaɪˈself ˈhoʊldɪŋ maɪ pleɪt fɔːr ə ˈsekənd səˈplaɪ/
Line 5
"O sentiment!"
/oʊ ˈsentəmənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abstinence noun US /ˈæbstənəns/

the trait of abstaining (especially from alcohol)

From this reading “I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.”

fowl noun US /faʊl/

a domesticated gallinaceous bird thought to be descended from the red jungle fowl

From this reading “But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.”

improving adjective US /ˌɪmˈpruːvɪŋ/

getting higher or more vigorous

From this reading “I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.”

inwardly adverb US /ˈɪnwərdli/

with respect to private feelings

From this reading “I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.”

reconciling adjective US /ˈrekənsaɪlɪŋ/

tending to reconcile or accommodate; bringing into harmony

From this reading “I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.”

reject verb US /rɪˈdʒekt/

refuse to accept or acknowledge

From this reading “But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.”

rudeness noun US /ˈruːdnəs/

a manner that is rude and insulting

From this reading “But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.”

unfeeling adjective US /ənˈfiːlɪŋ/

devoid of feeling for others

From this reading “Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.

abstinencenounUS /ˈæbstənəns/

the trait of abstaining (especially from alcohol)

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

benefitnounUS /ˈbenəfɪt/

financial assistance in time of need

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

detectedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtektəd/

perceived or discerned

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

excuseverbUS /ɪksˈkjuːs/

accept an excuse for

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading That _I_ should take food was quite out of the question.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

fowlnounUS /faʊl/

a domesticated gallinaceous bird thought to be descended from the red jungle fowl

From this reading But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.

holdingnounUS /ˈhoʊldɪŋ/

the act of retaining something

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

Horror-struckadjective

stricken with horror

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

improvingadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvɪŋ/

getting higher or more vigorous

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

inwardlyadverbUS /ˈɪnwərdli/

with respect to private feelings

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

mentionverbUS /ˈmenʃən/

make reference to

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading "O sentiment!"

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading That _I_ should take food was quite out of the question.

platenounUS /pleɪt/

(baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands; it must be touched by a base runner in order to score

From this reading But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.

presentlyadverbUS /ˈprezəntli/

in the near future

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading That _I_ should take food was quite out of the question.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading That _I_ should take food was quite out of the question.

reconcilingadjectiveUS /ˈrekənsaɪlɪŋ/

tending to reconcile or accommodate; bringing into harmony

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

reflectingadjectiveUS /rɪˈflektɪŋ/

causing reflection or having a device that reflects

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

rejectverbUS /rɪˈdʒekt/

refuse to accept or acknowledge

From this reading But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.

rudenessnounUS /ˈruːdnəs/

a manner that is rude and insulting

From this reading But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

sentimentnounUS /ˈsentəmənt/

tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading "O sentiment!"

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading That _I_ should take food was quite out of the question.

stayingverbUS /ˈsteɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “stay” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

sufferingsnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋz/

plural of “suffering” — a state of acute pain

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading That _I_ should take food was quite out of the question.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That _I_ should take food was quite out of the question.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

unfeelingadjectiveUS /ənˈfiːlɪŋ/

devoid of feeling for others

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading I began to eat, inwardly reflecting that my abstinence would nothing benefit those whose sufferings I had still in my memory; and improving on this reconciling thought, I presently detected myself holding my plate for a second supply.

wingnounUS /wɪŋ/

a movable organ for flying (one of a pair)

From this reading But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading Horror-struck, as I had been, at the first mention of the unfeeling word "breakfast," my excuse for staying was to see if others could eat.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading But the wing of a fowl having been put on my plate, I thought it would be rudeness to reject it.

Chapter 1 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271 by Various holds 412 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 412 sentences of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 412 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271

Common questions about reading The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271?

Yes. All 412 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11401 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11401, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271 take to read?

About 34 minutes of reading across 83 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271 section by section

How to work through The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mirror
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Literature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Amusement
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Instruction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 271; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.