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The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474
The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474 is here in full — 469 sentences across 94 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474
Context Illustration Reading 38/93 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.
I left Rome and made a rapid journey home.
You will continue to direct here as usual.
Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.
I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474 is here in full — 469 sentences across 94 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 38/93 · 5 reading units · Lines 186–190

Line 1
From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.
Line 2
I left Rome and made a rapid journey home.
/aɪ left roʊm ənd meɪd ə ˈræpəd ˈdʒɜːrni hoʊm/
Line 3
You will continue to direct here as usual.
/juː wɪl kənˈtɪnjuː tuː dərˈekt hiːr æz ˈjuːʒəwəl/
Line 4
Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.
Line 5
I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

earthquake noun US /ˈɜːrθkweɪk/

shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity

From this reading “I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.”

ensured verb US /enˈʃʊrd/

past form of “ensure” — make certain of

From this reading “I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.”

hating verb US /ˈheɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “hate” — dislike intensely; feel antipathy or aversion towards

From this reading “I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.”

portraits noun US /ˈpɔːrtrəts/

plural of “portrait” — a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading “From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.”

reconcile verb US /ˈrekənsaɪl/

make (one thing) compatible with

From this reading “I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.”

Tasso noun US /ˈtæsoʊ/

Italian poet who wrote an epic poem about the capture of Jerusalem during the First Crusade (1544-1595)

From this reading “From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.”

Vesuvius noun US /vəˈsuːviəs/

a volcano in southwestern Italy on the Mediterranean coast; a Plinian eruption in 79 AD buried Pompeii and killed Pliny the Elder; last erupted in 1944

From this reading “I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.”

vicinity noun US /vəˈsɪnəti/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading “I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

ActverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading You will continue to direct here as usual.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

continueverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading You will continue to direct here as usual.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading You will continue to direct here as usual.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

earthquakenounUS /ˈɜːrθkweɪk/

shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

ensuredverbUS /enˈʃʊrd/

past form of “ensure” — make certain of

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

FlorencenounUS /ˈflɔːrəns/

a city in central Italy on the Arno; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian Renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

hatingverbUS /ˈheɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “hate” — dislike intensely; feel antipathy or aversion towards

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading You will continue to direct here as usual.

Hobhouse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading I left Rome and made a rapid journey home.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

irruptionnoun

a sudden violent entrance; a bursting in

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading I left Rome and made a rapid journey home.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading I left Rome and made a rapid journey home.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading I left Rome and made a rapid journey home.

Manfred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

NaplesnounUS /ˈneɪpəlz/

a port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

poemnounUS /ˈpoʊəm/

a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

Polidori

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

portraitsnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrəts/

plural of “portrait” — a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

preferverbUS /prəˈfɜːr/

like better; value more highly

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

quantitynounUS /ˈkwɑːntəti/

how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

rapidadjectiveUS /ˈræpəd/

done or occurring in a brief period of time

From this reading I left Rome and made a rapid journey home.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

reconcileverbUS /ˈrekənsaɪl/

make (one thing) compatible with

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

TassonounUS /ˈtæsoʊ/

Italian poet who wrote an epic poem about the capture of Jerusalem during the First Crusade (1544-1595)

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

ThirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading You will continue to direct here as usual.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading You will continue to direct here as usual.

VesuviusnounUS /vəˈsuːviəs/

a volcano in southwestern Italy on the Mediterranean coast; a Plinian eruption in 79 AD buried Pompeii and killed Pliny the Elder; last erupted in 1944

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

vicinitynounUS /vəˈsɪnəti/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I prefer hating them at a distance; unless an earthquake, or a good real irruption of Vesuvius, were ensured to reconcile me to their vicinity.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Mr. Hobhouse is gone to Naples; I should have run down there too for a week, but for the quantity of English whom I heard of there.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading You will continue to direct here as usual.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading From Florence I sent you a poem on Tasso, and from Rome the new Third Act of 'Manfred,' and by Dr. Polidori two portraits for my sister.

Chapter 1 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474 by Various holds 469 sentences, grouped into 94 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 469 sentences of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474, unabridged, divided into 94 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 469 sentences, grouped into 94 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474?

Work through the 94 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 94 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474

Common questions about reading The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474?

Yes. All 469 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12685 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12685, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474 take to read?

About 39 minutes of reading across 94 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474 section by section

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  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mirror
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Literature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Amusement
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Instruction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 474; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.