Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557
The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557 is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557
Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
of _Odds and Ends_.
From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.
The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.
The account usually rendered of American taxation is fallacious.
It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557 is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
of _Odds and Ends_.
/ʌv ɑːdz ənd endz/
Line 2
From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.
/frʌm ðə ˈlætər wiː kwoʊt ˈveri eˈroʊniəs ˈnoʊʃənz ɑːr ˈkɜːrənt ɪn ˈɪŋɡlənd wɪð rɪˈɡɑːrd tuː ðə tækˈseɪʃən ʌv ðə juːˈnaɪtɪd steɪts/
Line 3
The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.
/ðə truːθ ɪz ðæt ðoʊ əˈmerəkə ɪz ˈlaɪtli tækst ɪn kəmˈperəsən wɪð ˈɪŋɡlənd ɪt ɪz baɪ noʊ miːnz tuː biː kənˈsɪdərd soʊ wen kəmˈperd tuː moʊst ʌv ðə ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl ˈneɪʃənz/
Line 4
The account usually rendered of American taxation is fallacious.
/ðə əˈkaʊnt ˈjuːʒəwəli ˈrendərd ʌv əˈmerəkən tækˈseɪʃən ɪz fəˈleɪʃəs/
Line 5
It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

continental adjective US /ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl/

of or pertaining to or typical of Europe

From this reading “The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.”

erroneous adjective US /eˈroʊniəs/

containing or characterized by error

From this reading “From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.”

fallacious adjective US /fəˈleɪʃəs/

containing or based on a fallacy

From this reading “The account usually rendered of American taxation is fallacious.”

pays noun US /peɪz/

plural of “pay” — something that remunerates

From this reading “It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.”

quote verb US /kwoʊt/

repeat a passage from

From this reading “From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.”

sterling adjective US /ˈstɜːrlɪŋ/

highest in quality

From this reading “It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.”

taxation noun US /tækˈseɪʃən/

charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government

From this reading “From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.”

taxed verb US /tækst/

past form of “tax” — levy a tax on

From this reading “The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading The account usually rendered of American taxation is fallacious.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading The account usually rendered of American taxation is fallacious.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading of _Odds and Ends_.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

averageadjectiveUS /ˈævərɪdʒ/

approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

comparedverbUS /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

comparisonnounUS /kəmˈperəsən/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

continentaladjectiveUS /ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl/

of or pertaining to or typical of Europe

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

debtnounUS /det/

the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

EndsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading of _Odds and Ends_.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

erroneousadjectiveUS /eˈroʊniəs/

containing or characterized by error

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

fallaciousadjectiveUS /fəˈleɪʃəs/

containing or based on a fallacy

From this reading The account usually rendered of American taxation is fallacious.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

lnounUS /el/

a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

lightlyadverbUS /ˈlaɪtli/

without good reason

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

listverbUS /lɪst/

give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

millionsnounUS /ˈmɪljənz/

plural of “million” — the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

navynounUS /ˈneɪvi/

an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

notionsnounUS /ˈnoʊʃənz/

plural of “notion” — a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

OddsnounUS /ɑːdz/

the likelihood of a thing occurring rather than not occurring

From this reading of _Odds and Ends_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading of _Odds and Ends_.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

paysnounUS /peɪz/

plural of “pay” — something that remunerates

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

quoteverbUS /kwoʊt/

repeat a passage from

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading The account usually rendered of American taxation is fallacious.

requireverbUS /ˌriːˈkwaɪər/

require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

snounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

statedadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtɪd/

declared as fact; explicitly stated

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

sterlingadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrlɪŋ/

highest in quality

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

taxationnounUS /tækˈseɪʃən/

charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

taxedverbUS /tækst/

past form of “tax” — levy a tax on

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading The account usually rendered of American taxation is fallacious.

VeryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The truth is, that though America is lightly taxed in comparison with England, it is by no means to be considered so when compared to most of the continental nations.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading It is stated, that something under six millions sterling, or about 10_s_. per head on an average, pays the whole army, navy, civil list, and interest of debt of the United States, while we require fifty millions, or nearly 2_l_.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading From the latter we quote: "Very erroneous notions are current in England with regard to the taxation of the United States.

Chapter 3 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557 by Various holds 50 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 50 sentences of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 50 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557

Common questions about reading The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557?

Yes. All 66 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12583 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12583, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557 take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 14 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557 section by section

How to work through The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 3 chapters of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Wooden
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Furniture
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Woods
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Upper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement — No. 557; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.