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The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1
The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1 is here in full — 381 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/76 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.
_Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.
_Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.
But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?
_Mon._ Never.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1 is here in full — 381 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/76 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.
Line 2
_Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.
/moʊn jes sɜːr ənd ˈmelənkɑːli ˈstɔːriz meɪk ˈpiːpəl draɪ soʊ let miː ˌrekəˈmend əˈnʌðər kʌp ʌv waɪn/
Line 3
_Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.
Line 4
But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?
/bʌt preɪ ˈmædəm hæv juː ˈnevər dɪˈskʌvərd ðə kɑːz ʌv ðæt dɪˈstres frʌm wɪtʃ juː fɜːrst rɪˈliːvd ðɪs ˈsʌfərɪŋ ˈwʊmən/
Line 5
_Mon._ Never.
/moʊn ˈnevər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

challenge verb US /ˈtʃæləndʒ/

take exception to

From this reading “_Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.”

designs noun US /dɪˈzaɪnz/

plural of “design” — the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading “_Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.”

distress noun US /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading “But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?”

heavens noun US /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading “_Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.”

Mon noun US /moʊn/

the second day of the week; the first working day

recommend verb US /ˌrekəˈmend/

push for something

From this reading “_Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.”

relieved adjective US /rɪˈliːvd/

(of pain or sorrow) made easier to bear

From this reading “But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?”

reverence verb US /ˈrevərəns/

regard with feelings of respect and reverence; consider hallowed or exalted or be in awe of

From this reading “_Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading _Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.

can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading _Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.

challengeverbUS /ˈtʃæləndʒ/

take exception to

From this reading _Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.

cupnounUS /kʌp/

a small open container usually used for drinking; usually has a handle

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

designsnounUS /dɪˈzaɪnz/

plural of “design” — the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading _Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

distressnounUS /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading _Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

Flor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

heavensnounUS /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading _Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading _Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading _Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

MadamnounUS /ˈmædəm/

a woman of refinement

From this reading _Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

melancholynounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading _Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.

MonnounUS /moʊn/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading _Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

prayverbUS /preɪ/

address a deity, a prophet, a saint or an object of worship; say a prayer

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

recommendverbUS /ˌrekəˈmend/

push for something

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

refuseverbUS /rəˈfjuːz/

show unwillingness towards

From this reading _Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.

relievedadjectiveUS /rɪˈliːvd/

(of pain or sorrow) made easier to bear

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

reverenceverbUS /ˈrevərəns/

regard with feelings of respect and reverence; consider hallowed or exalted or be in awe of

From this reading _Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading _Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.

sirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading _Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.

sufferingnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

a state of acute pain

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading _Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

tisnounUS /tɪz/

plural of “ti” — a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

From this reading _Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading _Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading _Flor._ Madam, I can't refuse the challenge-- (_aside_) the old lady certainly designs to send me under the table.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

YesnounUS /jes/

an affirmative

From this reading _Mon._ Yes, sir; and melancholy stories make people dry, so let me recommend another cup of wine.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading But pray, madam, have you never discovered the cause of that distress, from which you first relieved this suffering woman?

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading _Flor._ By heavens, I reverence your feelings! in truth 'tis a melancholy story.

Chapter 4 of The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1 by S. C. (Stephen Cullen), -1820? [Editor] Carpenter holds 381 sentences, grouped into 77 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 381 sentences of The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1, unabridged, divided into 77 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1 by S. C. (Stephen Cullen), -1820? [Editor] Carpenter exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 381 sentences, grouped into 77 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1?

Work through the 77 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 77 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1

Common questions about reading The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1 by S. C. (Stephen Cullen), -1820? [Editor] Carpenter on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1?

Yes. All 2124 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #22488 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #22488, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1 take to read?

About 177 minutes of reading across 425 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1 section by section

How to work through The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Typographical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Listed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Attempt
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mirror of Taste, and Dramatic Censor, Vol. I — No. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.