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The Modern Athens
The Modern Athens

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Modern Athens is here in full — 85 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE ATHENS AND THE ATHENIANS IN GENERAL.
“A city set on an hill, which cannot be hid.”
IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.
But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.
The ground upon which the Athens is built bears some resemblance to a fort with a ditch and glacis.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Modern Athens

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Modern Athens is here in full — 85 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ATHENS AND THE ATHENIANS IN GENERAL.
/ðə ˈæθənz ənd ðə əˈθiːniənz ɪn ˈdʒenərəl/
Line 2
“A city set on an hill, which cannot be hid.”
Line 3
IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.
Line 4
But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.
/bʌt æz ɪz ðə keɪs wɪð moʊst θɪŋz ðæt lʊk wel æz hoʊlz wʌn ɪz ˈmɪzərəbli ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd wen wʌn kʌmz tuː ɪɡˈzæmɪn ðə dɪˈteɪlz/
Line 5
The ground upon which the Athens is built bears some resemblance to a fort with a ditch and glacis.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

approaches noun US /əˈproʊtʃəz/

plural of “approach” — ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation

From this reading “IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.”

athenians noun US /əˈθiːniənz/

plural of “athenian” — a resident of Athens

From this reading “THE ATHENS AND THE ATHENIANS IN GENERAL.”

athens noun US /ˈæθənz/

the capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess)

From this reading “THE ATHENS AND THE ATHENIANS IN GENERAL.”

ditch noun US /dɪtʃ/

a long narrow excavation in the earth

From this reading “The ground upon which the Athens is built bears some resemblance to a fort with a ditch and glacis.”

diversity noun US /dɪˈvɜːrsɪti/

noticeable heterogeneity

From this reading “IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.”

durability noun US /dərəˈbɪlɪti/

permanence by virtue of the power to resist stress or force

From this reading “IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.”

miserably adverb US /ˈmɪzərəbli/

in a miserable manner

From this reading “But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.”

wholes noun US /hoʊlz/

plural of “whole” — all of something including all its component elements or parts

From this reading “But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

some resemblance adjective + noun

In this reading “The ground upon which the Athens is built bears some resemblance to a fort with a ditch and glacis.”

on an hill preposition + article + noun counted as “on … hill”

In this reading ““A city set on an hill, which cannot be hid.””

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “A city set on an hill, which cannot be hid.”

advantagesnounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒɪz/

plural of “advantage” — the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading “A city set on an hill, which cannot be hid.”

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE ATHENS AND THE ATHENIANS IN GENERAL.

approachesnounUS /əˈproʊtʃəz/

plural of “approach” — ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

ATHENIANSnounUS /əˈθiːniənz/

plural of “athenian” — a resident of Athens

From this reading THE ATHENS AND THE ATHENIANS IN GENERAL.

ATHENSnounUS /ˈæθənz/

the capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess)

From this reading THE ATHENS AND THE ATHENIANS IN GENERAL.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “A city set on an hill, which cannot be hid.”

bearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading The ground upon which the Athens is built bears some resemblance to a fort with a ditch and glacis.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading The ground upon which the Athens is built bears some resemblance to a fort with a ditch and glacis.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “A city set on an hill, which cannot be hid.”

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading “A city set on an hill, which cannot be hid.”

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

detailsnounUS /dɪˈteɪlz/

true confidential information

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

disappointedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/

disappointingly unsuccessful

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

ditchnounUS /dɪtʃ/

a long narrow excavation in the earth

From this reading The ground upon which the Athens is built bears some resemblance to a fort with a ditch and glacis.

diversitynounUS /dɪˈvɜːrsɪti/

noticeable heterogeneity

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

durabilitynounUS /dərəˈbɪlɪti/

permanence by virtue of the power to resist stress or force

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

examineverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/

consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

fortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading The ground upon which the Athens is built bears some resemblance to a fort with a ditch and glacis.

GENERALadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading THE ATHENS AND THE ATHENIANS IN GENERAL.

glacis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ground upon which the Athens is built bears some resemblance to a fort with a ditch and glacis.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The ground upon which the Athens is built bears some resemblance to a fort with a ditch and glacis.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

hidverbUS /hɪd/

inflected form of “hide” — prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading “A city set on an hill, which cannot be hid.”

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading “A city set on an hill, which cannot be hid.”

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE ATHENS AND THE ATHENIANS IN GENERAL.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

materialsnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

miserablyadverbUS /ˈmɪzərəbli/

in a miserable manner

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading “A city set on an hill, which cannot be hid.”

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

picturesqueadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərəsk/

suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

resemblancenounUS /rɪˈzembləns/

similarity in appearance or external or superficial details

From this reading The ground upon which the Athens is built bears some resemblance to a fort with a ditch and glacis.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading “A city set on an hill, which cannot be hid.”

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

soever

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The ground upon which the Athens is built bears some resemblance to a fort with a ditch and glacis.

strikingadjectiveUS /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/

sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ATHENS AND THE ATHENIANS IN GENERAL.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading IN point of diversity of situation and beauty, and durability of building materials, few cities have the same advantages as the Athens; and I know of no city, of which the general and distant effect, upon what side soever one approaches it, is more picturesque and striking.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading “A city set on an hill, which cannot be hid.”

wholesnounUS /hoʊlz/

plural of “whole” — all of something including all its component elements or parts

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But, as is the case with most things that look well as wholes, one is miserably disappointed when one comes to examine the details.

Chapter 4 of The Modern Athens by Robert Mudie holds 85 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Modern Athens contain?

Chapter 4 holds 85 sentences of The Modern Athens, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Modern Athens by Robert Mudie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 85 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Modern Athens?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Modern Athens

Common questions about reading The Modern Athens by Robert Mudie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Modern Athens?

Yes. All 1502 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51239 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Modern Athens is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51239, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Modern Athens take to read?

About 125 minutes of reading across 301 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in The Modern Athens

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Modern Athens, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Athens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Induced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Athens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Visit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Athens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Modern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Athens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.