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The Modern Athens
The Modern Athens

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Modern Athens is here in full — 83 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LEARNING OF THE ATHENS.
----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”
IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.
If the wealth of her lawyers “swells like the Solway,” the renown of her philosophers “ebbs like its tide.”
The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Modern Athens

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Modern Athens is here in full — 83 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LEARNING OF THE ATHENS.
/ˈlɜːrnɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈæθənz/
Line 2
----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”
Line 3
IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.
Line 4
If the wealth of her lawyers “swells like the Solway,” the renown of her philosophers “ebbs like its tide.”
Line 5
The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

December's noun US /dɪˈsembərz/

possessive form of “december” — the last (12th) month of the year

ebbs noun US /ebz/

plural of “ebb” — a gradual decline (in size or strength or power or number)

From this reading “If the wealth of her lawyers “swells like the Solway,” the renown of her philosophers “ebbs like its tide.””

imbued verb US /ˌɪmˈbjuːd/

past form of “imbue” — spread or diffuse through

From this reading “The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.”

juggle verb US /ˈdʒʌɡəl/

influence by slyness

From this reading “----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.””

metropolitan adjective US /ˌmetrəˈpɑːlətən/

relating to or characteristic of a metropolis

From this reading “IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.”

plies noun US /plaɪz/

plural of “ply” — one of the strands twisted together to make yarn or rope or thread; often used in combination

From this reading “----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.””

status noun US /ˈstætəs/

the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society

From this reading “IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.”

submitting verb US /səbˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading “The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

imbued with verb + particle counted as “imbue with”

In this reading “The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.”

own weight verb + noun

In this reading “----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.””

too deep adverb + adjective

In this reading “The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.”

All words in this reading · 139

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

admireverbUS /ædˈmaɪr/

feel admiration for

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

ATHENSnounUS /ˈæθənz/

the capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess)

From this reading LEARNING OF THE ATHENS.

Babylonish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

Bestirs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

bringsverbUS /brɪŋz/

third-person singular of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

Caledonian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

cantnounUS /kænt/

stock phrases that have become nonsense through endless repetition

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

changefuladjective

such that alteration is possible; having a marked tendency to change

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

cheatverbUS /tʃiːt/

deprive somebody of something by deceit

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

climbverbUS /klaɪm/

go upward with gradual or continuous progress

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

congelationnoun

the process of congealing; solidification by (or as if by) freezing

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

curdlingnoun

the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

December'snounUS /dɪˈsembərz/

possessive form of “december” — the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

dialectnounUS /ˈdaɪəlekt/

the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

Doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

dognounUS /dɔːɡ/

a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

dog-star

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

ebbsnounUS /ebz/

plural of “ebb” — a gradual decline (in size or strength or power or number)

From this reading If the wealth of her lawyers “swells like the Solway,” the renown of her philosophers “ebbs like its tide.”

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

envynounUS /ˈenvi/

a feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something that is possessed by another

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

gloriousadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɔːriəs/

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

he's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

heartsnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

icenounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

IFconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

imbuedverbUS /ˌɪmˈbjuːd/

past form of “imbue” — spread or diffuse through

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

immortaladjUS /ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl/

Living forever; never dying or decaying. (Bất tử, trường tồn vĩnh cửu.)

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

instancesnounUS /ˈɪnstənsəz/

plural of “instance” — an occurrence of something

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading If the wealth of her lawyers “swells like the Solway,” the renown of her philosophers “ebbs like its tide.”

juggleverbUS /ˈdʒʌɡəl/

influence by slyness

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

kneesnounUS /niːz/

plural of “knee” — hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

lawyersnounUS /ˈlɔːjərz/

plural of “lawyer” — a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice

From this reading If the wealth of her lawyers “swells like the Solway,” the renown of her philosophers “ebbs like its tide.”

LEARNINGnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading LEARNING OF THE ATHENS.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading If the wealth of her lawyers “swells like the Solway,” the renown of her philosophers “ebbs like its tide.”

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

metropolitanadjectiveUS /ˌmetrəˈpɑːlətən/

relating to or characteristic of a metropolis

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

nat'ral

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading LEARNING OF THE ATHENS.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

philosophersnounUS /fəˈlɑːsəfərz/

plural of “philosopher” — a specialist in philosophy

From this reading If the wealth of her lawyers “swells like the Solway,” the renown of her philosophers “ebbs like its tide.”

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

pleaders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

pliesnounUS /plaɪz/

plural of “ply” — one of the strands twisted together to make yarn or rope or thread; often used in combination

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

raisesnounUS /ˈreɪzəz/

plural of “raise” — the amount a salary is increased

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

renownnounUS /rɪˈnaʊn/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading If the wealth of her lawyers “swells like the Solway,” the renown of her philosophers “ebbs like its tide.”

retreatnounUS /riˈtriːt/

(military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

self-same

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

settingnounUS /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

Solway

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If the wealth of her lawyers “swells like the Solway,” the renown of her philosophers “ebbs like its tide.”

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

spitverbUS /spɪt/

expel or eject (saliva or phlegm or sputum) from the mouth

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

statusnounUS /ˈstætəs/

the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society

From this reading IF, in her metropolitan status as the seat of Caledonian law, the Athens be fixed as the dog-star, as the seat of Caledonian learning, she has been and must be, changeful as the moon.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

submittingverbUS /səbˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

swellsnounUS /swelz/

plural of “swell” — the undulating movement of the surface of the open sea

From this reading If the wealth of her lawyers “swells like the Solway,” the renown of her philosophers “ebbs like its tide.”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LEARNING OF THE ATHENS.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading If the wealth of her lawyers “swells like the Solway,” the renown of her philosophers “ebbs like its tide.”

TillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

tonguesnounUS /tʌŋz/

plural of “tongue” — a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading If the wealth of her lawyers “swells like the Solway,” the renown of her philosophers “ebbs like its tide.”

weightnounUS /weɪt/

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

wheelverbUS /wiːl/

change directions as if revolving on a pivot

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading ----“As a dog that turns the spit Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but all in vain, His own weight brings him down again, And still he’s in the self-same place, Where, at his setting out, he was; So, in the circle of the arts, Do they advance their nat’ral parts, Till falling back still, for retreat, They fall to juggle, cant, and cheat.”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

worshipverbUS /ˈwɜːrʃəp/

love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The very same cause which raises the one,--which makes all hearts envy, all eyes admire, all knees worship, and all tongues speak the Babylonish dialect of special pleaders, comes cold and curdling as December’s ice over every thing else; and though there may be an occasional spring of the living water of the mind, which has its source too deep, or its current too thoroughly imbued with the immortal fire, for submitting to the cold congelation; yet such glorious instances must be few and far between.

Chapter 7 of The Modern Athens by Robert Mudie holds 83 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Modern Athens contain?

Chapter 7 holds 83 sentences of The Modern Athens, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Modern Athens by Robert Mudie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 83 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Modern Athens?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Modern Athens

Common questions about reading The Modern Athens by Robert Mudie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Modern Athens?

Yes. All 1502 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51239 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Modern Athens is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51239, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Modern Athens take to read?

About 125 minutes of reading across 301 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Modern Athens section by section

How to work through The Modern Athens section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Modern Athens

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Modern Athens, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Athens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Induced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Athens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Visit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Athens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Modern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Athens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.