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The Modern Athens
The Modern Athens

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of The Modern Athens is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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EDUCATION OF THE ATHENS.
Just as the twig is bent the tree’s inclined.--POPE.
IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.
I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.
There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Modern Athens

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of The Modern Athens is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
EDUCATION OF THE ATHENS.
/ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən ʌv ðə ˈæθənz/
Line 2
Just as the twig is bent the tree’s inclined.--POPE.
Line 3
IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.
Line 4
I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.
/aɪ duː nɑːt miːn ðæt ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən wɪtʃ ɪz ˈɡɪvən ɔːr əˈtemptɪd tuː biː ˈɡɪvən æt skuːlz ənd ˈkɑːlɪdʒɪz bʌt ðæt wɪtʃ ɪz prəˈduːst baɪ ðə ˈkɑːntækt ənd kəˈlɪʒən ʌv ðoʊz wɪð huːm jʌŋ men əˈsoʊsiət æt ðæt ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt ˈpɪriəd wen ðeɪ ɑːr bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ tuː θɪŋk ənd tuː ækt fɔːr ðemˈselvz/
Line 5
There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

associate verb US /əˈsoʊsiət/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading “I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.”

Athenian noun US /əˈθiːniən/

a resident of Athens

From this reading “There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.”

athens noun US /ˈæθənz/

the capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess)

From this reading “EDUCATION OF THE ATHENS.”

colleges noun US /ˈkɑːlɪdʒɪz/

plural of “college” — the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading “I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.”

collision noun US /kəˈlɪʒən/

(physics) a brief event in which two or more bodies come together

From this reading “I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.”

peculiarities noun US /pɪˌkjuːliˈerətiz/

plural of “peculiarity” — an odd or unusual characteristic

From this reading “IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.”

peculiarity noun US /pɪˌkjuːliˈerəti/

an odd or unusual characteristic

From this reading “There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.”

twig verb US /twɪɡ/

branch out in a twiglike manner

From this reading “Just as the twig is bent the tree’s inclined.--POPE.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

depends upon verb + particle counted as “depend upon”

be contingent on

In this reading “There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.”

young men adjective + noun

In this reading “I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.”

any thing adjective + noun

In this reading “There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.”

produced by verb + particle counted as “produce by”

In this reading “I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.”

at schools preposition + noun counted as “at school”

In this reading “I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.”

look for verb + particle

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

In this reading “IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Just as the twig is bent the tree’s inclined.--POPE.

associateverbUS /əˈsoʊsiət/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

AtheniannounUS /əˈθiːniən/

a resident of Athens

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

ATHENSnounUS /ˈæθənz/

the capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess)

From this reading EDUCATION OF THE ATHENS.

attemptedadjectiveUS /əˈtemptɪd/

tried unsuccessfully

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading Just as the twig is bent the tree’s inclined.--POPE.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

circumstancenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

collegesnounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒɪz/

plural of “college” — the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

collisionnounUS /kəˈlɪʒən/

(physics) a brief event in which two or more bodies come together

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

contactnounUS /ˈkɑːntækt/

close interaction

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

dependsverbUS /dɪˈpendz/

third-person singular of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

distinguishverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

mark as different

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

EDUCATIONnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading EDUCATION OF THE ATHENS.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

empirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

explanationnounUS /ˌekspləˈneɪʃən/

a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

IFconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

inclinedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈklaɪnd/

(often followed by “to”) having a preference, disposition, or tendency

From this reading Just as the twig is bent the tree’s inclined.--POPE.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Just as the twig is bent the tree’s inclined.--POPE.

JustadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Just as the twig is bent the tree’s inclined.--POPE.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading EDUCATION OF THE ATHENS.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

peculiaritiesnounUS /pɪˌkjuːliˈerətiz/

plural of “peculiarity” — an odd or unusual characteristic

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

peculiaritynounUS /pɪˌkjuːliˈerəti/

an odd or unusual characteristic

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

POPEnounUS /poʊp/

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading Just as the twig is bent the tree’s inclined.--POPE.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

schoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading EDUCATION OF THE ATHENS.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

treatmentnounUS /ˈtriːtmənt/

care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

tree's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Just as the twig is bent the tree’s inclined.--POPE.

twigverbUS /twɪɡ/

branch out in a twiglike manner

From this reading Just as the twig is bent the tree’s inclined.--POPE.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading IF there be one cause to which, more than others, we are to look for an explanation of those peculiarities that distinguish the inhabitants of one place from the inhabitants of others, that cause is education.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading I do not mean that education which is given, or attempted to be given, at schools and colleges, but that which is produced by the contact and collision of those with whom young men associate at that important period when they are beginning to think and to act for themselves.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading There is no doubt that more of the character of society in the Athens depends upon this circumstance than upon any thing else, as, so far as my observation extended, there is more peculiarity in the treatment of the Athenian youth at this period than in any other city of the British empire.

Chapter 9 of The Modern Athens by Robert Mudie holds 155 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of The Modern Athens contain?

Chapter 9 holds 155 sentences of The Modern Athens, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of The Modern Athens by Robert Mudie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 155 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of The Modern Athens?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading The Modern Athens by Robert Mudie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Modern Athens?

Yes. All 1502 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51239 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Modern Athens is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51239, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Modern Athens take to read?

About 125 minutes of reading across 301 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Modern Athens

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Modern Athens, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Athens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Induced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Athens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Visit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Athens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Modern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Athens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.