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The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.
The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. is here in full — 419 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.
In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.
In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.
If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.
Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. is here in full — 419 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.
Line 2
In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.
/ɪn boʊld pərˌsɑːnəfəˈkeɪʃən ʌv ˈnætʃərəl ˈɑːbdʒekts ðə ɡriːks kʊd nɑːt biː ˈiːzəli sərˈpæst/
Line 3
In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.
Line 4
If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.
Line 5
Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.
/ˈiːvɪn ɪn ðə mɔːr ˈkɑːmən ˈprɑːses ʌv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈneɪtʃər pɔːr bæk ɑːn ʌs ðə ˈsentəmənts wiː ˌʌnˈkɑːnʃəsli lend hɜːr ðə ɡriːks wɜːr ˈveri fɑːr frʌm dɪˈfɪʃənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

causation noun US /ˌkɔːˈzeɪʃən/

the act of causing something to happen

From this reading “In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.”

deficient adjective US /dɪˈfɪʃənt/

inadequate in amount or degree

From this reading “Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.”

flowery adjective US /ˈflaʊəri/

of or relating to or suggestive of flowers

From this reading “If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.”

garland verb US /ˈɡɑːrlənd/

adorn with bands of flowers or leaves

From this reading “If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.”

Greeks noun US /ɡriːks/

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading “In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.”

lions noun US /ˈlaɪənz/

plural of “lion” — large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male

From this reading “The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.”

personification noun US /pərˌsɑːnəfəˈkeɪʃən/

a person who represents an abstract quality

From this reading “In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.”

surpassed verb US /sərˈpæst/

past form of “surpass” — distinguish oneself

From this reading “In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.

causationnounUS /ˌkɔːˈzeɪʃən/

the act of causing something to happen

From this reading In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.

crownedadjectiveUS /kraʊnd/

having an (artificial) crown on a tooth

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

deficientadjectiveUS /dɪˈfɪʃənt/

inadequate in amount or degree

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

divinernoun

someone who claims to discover hidden knowledge with the aid of supernatural powers

From this reading The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

fancynounUS /ˈfænsi/

something many people believe that is false

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

flowedverbUS /floʊd/

past form of “flow” — move or progress freely as if in a stream

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.

floweryadjectiveUS /ˈflaʊəri/

of or relating to or suggestive of flowers

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.

fringedadjective

surrounded as with a border or fringe; sometimes used in combination

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

garlandverbUS /ˈɡɑːrlənd/

adorn with bands of flowers or leaves

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

GreeksnounUS /ɡriːks/

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

imaginedverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒənd/

past form of “imagine” — form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.

lendverbUS /lend/

bestow a quality on

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

lionsnounUS /ˈlaɪənz/

plural of “lion” — large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male

From this reading The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.

personificationnounUS /pərˌsɑːnəfəˈkeɪʃən/

a person who represents an abstract quality

From this reading In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.

pourverbUS /pɔːr/

cause to run

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

processverbUS /ˈprɑːses/

subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

realitynounUS /ˌriːˈælətiː/

all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.

regardingverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

river-god

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

sentimentsnounUS /ˈsentəmənts/

plural of “sentiment” — tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

summonedverbUS /ˈsʌmənd/

past form of “summon” — call in an official matter, such as to attend court

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

surpassedverbUS /sərˈpæst/

past form of “surpass” — distinguish oneself

From this reading In bold personification of natural objects, the Greeks could not be easily surpassed.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

unconsciouslyadverbUS /ˌʌnˈkɑːnʃəsli/

without awareness

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading If a river flowed down, fringed with flowery banks, they imagined there must be some cause for this, and so they summoned up before their fancy a beautiful river-god crowned with a garland.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The human form was then considered diviner than the forms of lions or flowers.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Even in the more common process of making nature pour back on us the sentiments we unconsciously lend her, the Greeks were very far from deficient.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In reality, it was not personification with them,--it was simply the result of the ideas they had formed regarding causation.

Chapter 16 of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. by Charles [Editor] Rogers holds 419 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. contain?

Chapter 16 holds 419 sentences of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6., unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. by Charles [Editor] Rogers exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 419 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.

Common questions about reading The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. by Charles [Editor] Rogers on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.?

Yes. All 17080 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #22515 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #22515, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 3416 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. section by section

How to work through The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sheep
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fauld
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Warld
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Heart
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.