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The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.
The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. is here in full — 429 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.
Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.
I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.
WOOING SONG.
The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!
But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.
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Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. is here in full — 429 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.
Line 2
I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.
Line 3
WOOING SONG.
/ˈwuːɪŋ sɔːŋ/
Line 4
The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!
Line 5
But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

autumn's noun US /ˈɔːtəmz/

possessive form of “autumn” — the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading “I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.”

bonnie adjective US /ˈbɑːni/

very pleasing to the eye

From this reading “I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.”

lea noun US /liː/

a unit of length of thread or yarn

From this reading “I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.”

quakes noun US /kweɪks/

plural of “quake” — shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity

From this reading “I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.”

sickle noun US /ˈsɪkəl/

an edge tool for cutting grass or crops; has a curved blade and a short handle

From this reading “I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.”

withering adjective US /ˈwɪðərɪŋ/

wreaking or capable of wreaking complete destruction

From this reading “I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.”

woo verb US /wuː/

seek someone's favor

From this reading “The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!”

yields noun US /jiːldz/

plural of “yield” — production of a certain amount

From this reading “I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

AroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

autumn'snounUS /ˈɔːtəmz/

possessive form of “autumn” — the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

billowsnounUS /ˈbɪloʊz/

plural of “billow” — a large sea wave

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

bonnieadjectiveUS /ˈbɑːni/

very pleasing to the eye

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

boughnounUS /baʊ/

any of the larger branches of a tree

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

bowernounUS /ˈbaʊər/

a framework that supports climbing plants

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

breezenounUS /briːz/

a slight wind (usually refreshing)

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

Cauld

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

frostyadjectiveUS /ˈfrɔːsti/

devoid of warmth and cordiality; expressive of unfriendliness or disdain

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

fruitnounUS /fruːt/

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

glancin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

gloriousadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɔːriəs/

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

gowd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

hill-side

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

ilka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

leanounUS /liː/

a unit of length of thread or yarn

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

ll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

lover'snounUS /ˈlʌvərz/

possessive form of “lover” — a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

lover-craft

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

lovin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

maiden's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

matesnounUS /meɪts/

a pair of people who live together

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

nae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

nakedadjectiveUS /ˈneɪkəd/

completely unclothed

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

onounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

OutadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

owre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

quakesnounUS /kweɪks/

plural of “quake” — shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

roarverbUS /rɔːr/

make a loud noise, as of wind, water, or vehicles

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

rulesnounUS /ruːlz/

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

rustlingnounUS /ˈrʌslɪŋ/

the stealing of cattle

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

seasnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

shiveringnounUS /ˈʃɪvərɪŋ/

a sensation of cold that often marks the start of an infection and the development of a fever

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

showersnounUS /ˈʃaʊərz/

plural of “shower” — a plumbing fixture that sprays water over you

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

sicklenounUS /ˈsɪkəl/

an edge tool for cutting grass or crops; has a curved blade and a short handle

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

SONGnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading WOOING SONG.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

sweepverbUS /swiːp/

sweep across or over

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

SweepsnounUS /swiːps/

plural of “sweep” — a wide scope

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

tempests

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

tendverbUS /tend/

have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

thydeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

TillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

ve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

wavenounUS /weɪv/

one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

weeadjectiveUS /wiː/

(used informally) very small

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

winoun

a midwestern state in north central United States

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

witheringadjectiveUS /ˈwɪðərɪŋ/

wreaking or capable of wreaking complete destruction

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

wooverbUS /wuː/

seek someone's favor

From this reading The spring comes back to woo the earth, Wi' a' a lover's speed; The wee birds woo their lovin' mates, Around our very head!

WOOINGnounUS /ˈwuːɪŋ/

a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage)

From this reading WOOING SONG.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When, through the naked trees, Cauld, shivering on the bare hill-side, Sweeps wild the frosty breeze; When tempests roar, and billows rise, Till nature quakes wi' fear, And on the land, and on the sea, Wild winter rules the year.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

yieldsnounUS /jiːldz/

plural of “yield” — production of a certain amount

From this reading I 'll tend thy bower, my bonnie May, When autumn's yellow fields, That wave like seas o' gowd, before The glancin' sickle yields; When ilka bough is bent wi' fruit-- A glorious sight to see!-- And showers o' leaves, red, rustling, sweep Out owre the withering lea.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading But I 've nae skill in lover-craft-- For till I met wi' you, I never sought a maiden's love, I never tried to woo.

Chapter 31 of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. by Charles [Editor] Rogers holds 429 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. contain?

Chapter 31 holds 429 sentences of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6., unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. by Charles [Editor] Rogers exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 429 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.

Common questions about reading The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. by Charles [Editor] Rogers on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.?

Yes. All 17080 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #22515 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #22515, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 3416 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. section by section

How to work through The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6. to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sheep
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fauld
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Warld
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Heart
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Modern Scottish Minstrel, Volumes 1-6.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.