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The Moghul
The Moghul

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Moghul is here in full — 457 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Moghul
Context Illustration Reading 1/91 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
under full press of sail, masts straining against the load.
The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.
"Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.
Your sister frigate has now forfeited the windward position.
Why give over your only advantage?"
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Moghul

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Moghul is here in full — 457 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/91 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
under full press of sail, masts straining against the load.
/ˈʌndər fʊl pres ʌv seɪl mæsts ˈstreɪnɪŋ əˈɡenst ðə loʊd/
Line 2
The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.
Line 3
"Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.
Line 4
Your sister frigate has now forfeited the windward position.
/jɔːr ˈsɪstər ˈfrɪɡət hæz naʊ ˈfɔːrfɪtɪd ðə ˈwɪndwərd pəˈzɪʃən/
Line 5
Why give over your only advantage?"
/waɪ ɡɪv ˈoʊvər jɔːr ˈoʊnli ædˈvæntɪdʒ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commands noun US /kəˈmændz/

plural of “command” — an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading “"Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.”

forfeited adjective US /ˈfɔːrfɪtɪd/

surrendered as a penalty

From this reading “Your sister frigate has now forfeited the windward position.”

frigate noun US /ˈfrɪɡət/

a medium size square-rigged warship of the 18th and 19th centuries

From this reading “The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.”

frigates noun US /ˈfrɪɡəts/

plural of “frigate” — a medium size square-rigged warship of the 18th and 19th centuries

From this reading “"Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.”

masts noun US /mæsts/

plural of “mast” — a vertical spar for supporting sails

From this reading “under full press of sail, masts straining against the load.”

straining noun US /ˈstreɪnɪŋ/

an intense or violent exertion

From this reading “under full press of sail, masts straining against the load.”

strategy noun US /ˈstrætədʒi/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading “"Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.”

windward noun US /ˈwɪndwərd/

the direction from which the wind is coming

From this reading “Your sister frigate has now forfeited the windward position.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

then turned adverb + adjective

In this reading “The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

advantagenounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒ/

the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading Why give over your only advantage?"

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading under full press of sail, masts straining against the load.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

astonishmentnounUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt/

the feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising

From this reading The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

commandsnounUS /kəˈmændz/

plural of “command” — an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

cunningadjectiveUS /ˈkʌnɪŋ/

attractive especially by means of smallness or prettiness or quaintness

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

forfeitedadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrfɪtɪd/

surrendered as a penalty

From this reading Your sister frigate has now forfeited the windward position.

frigatenounUS /ˈfrɪɡət/

a medium size square-rigged warship of the 18th and 19th centuries

From this reading The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.

frigatesnounUS /ˈfrɪɡəts/

plural of “frigate” — a medium size square-rigged warship of the 18th and 19th centuries

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading under full press of sail, masts straining against the load.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Why give over your only advantage?"

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Your sister frigate has now forfeited the windward position.

Hawksworth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

loadnounUS /loʊd/

weight to be borne or conveyed

From this reading under full press of sail, masts straining against the load.

mahoutnoun

the driver and keeper of an elephant

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

mastsnounUS /mæsts/

plural of “mast” — a vertical spar for supporting sails

From this reading under full press of sail, masts straining against the load.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Your sister frigate has now forfeited the windward position.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading under full press of sail, masts straining against the load.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Why give over your only advantage?"

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Why give over your only advantage?"

pilotverbUS /ˈpaɪlət/

operate an airplane

From this reading The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading Your sister frigate has now forfeited the windward position.

pressverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading under full press of sail, masts straining against the load.

sailverbUS /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading under full press of sail, masts straining against the load.

she-elephant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading Your sister frigate has now forfeited the windward position.

strainingnounUS /ˈstreɪnɪŋ/

an intense or violent exertion

From this reading under full press of sail, masts straining against the load.

strategynounUS /ˈstrætədʒi/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

swiftadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading under full press of sail, masts straining against the load.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading under full press of sail, masts straining against the load.

unworthyadjectiveUS /ənˈwɜːrði/

lacking in value or merit

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

watchedverbUS /wɑːtʃt/

past form of “watch” — look attentively

From this reading The Indian pilot watched the frigate in growing astonishment, then turned to Hawksworth.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Why give over your only advantage?"

windwardnounUS /ˈwɪndwərd/

the direction from which the wind is coming

From this reading Your sister frigate has now forfeited the windward position.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Your English frigates may be swift, but your English strategy is unworthy of a common _mahout_, who commands an old she-elephant with greater cunning.

Chapter 3 of The Moghul by Thomas Hoover holds 457 sentences, grouped into 92 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Moghul contain?

Chapter 3 holds 457 sentences of The Moghul, unabridged, divided into 92 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Moghul by Thomas Hoover exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 457 sentences, grouped into 92 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Moghul?

Work through the 92 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 92 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Moghul

Common questions about reading The Moghul by Thomas Hoover on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Moghul?

Yes. All 18061 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34322 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Moghul is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34322, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Moghul take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 3613 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Moghul section by section

How to work through The Moghul section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Moghul to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Moghul

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Moghul, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Licensed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Moghul; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Under
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Moghul; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Creative
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Moghul; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Commons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Moghul; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.