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The Monarchs of the Main
The Monarchs of the Main

Chapter I · Alexandre Bras de Fer, and Montbars the Exterminator

Chapter I of The Monarchs of the Main, “Alexandre Bras de Fer, and Montbars the Exterminator,” is here in full — 55 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
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Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.
I claim for this book, at least originality.
But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.
The history of the Buccaneers has hitherto remained unwritten.
Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Monarchs of the Main

Chapter I · Alexandre Bras de Fer, and Montbars the Exterminator

Chapter I of The Monarchs of the Main, “Alexandre Bras de Fer, and Montbars the Exterminator,” is here in full — 55 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.
Line 2
I claim for this book, at least originality.
/aɪ kleɪm fɔːr ðɪs bʊk æt liːst ərˌɪdʒəˈnælɪti/
Line 3
But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.
Line 4
The history of the Buccaneers has hitherto remained unwritten.
/ðə ˈhɪstəri ʌv ðə ˌbʌkəˈniːrz hæz ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː rɪˈmeɪnd ənˈrɪtən/
Line 5
Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.
/θriː ɔːr fɔːr fərˈɡɑːt.n̩ ˈvɑːljuːmz kənˈteɪn ˈlɪtərəli ɔːl ðæt ɪz rəˈkɔːrdɪd ʌv ðə wɔːrz ənd ˈkɑːnkwests ʌv ðiːz ˌekstrəˈɔːrdəneri men/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attaches noun US /əˈtætʃɪz/

plural of “attache” — a specialist assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission

From this reading “But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.”

Bras noun US /bræs/

plural of “bra” — an undergarment worn by women to support their breasts

From this reading “Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.”

Defeats noun US /dɪˈfiːts/

plural of “defeat” — an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading “Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.”

Fifties noun US /ˈfɪftiz/

the decade from 1950 to 1959

From this reading “Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.”

Roux noun US /ruː/

a mixture of fat and flour heated and used as a basis for sauces

From this reading “Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.”

Santiago noun US /ˌsæntiˈɑːɡoʊ/

city in the northern Dominican Republic

From this reading “Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.”

stratagems noun US /ˈstrætədʒəmz/

plural of “stratagem” — a maneuver in a game or conversation

From this reading “Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.”

unwritten adjective US /ənˈrɪtən/

based on custom rather than documentation

From this reading “The history of the Buccaneers has hitherto remained unwritten.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

267

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

AdamnounUS /ˈædəm/

(Old Testament) in Judeo-Christian mythology; the first man and the husband of Eve and the progenitor of the human race

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

addsnounUS /ædz/

plural of “add” — a condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders

From this reading But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.

AlexandernounUS /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

AnecdotenounUS /ˈænəkdoʊt/

short account of an incident (especially a biographical one)

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

AnnenounUS /æn/

Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; daughter if James II and the last of the Stuart monarchs; in 1707 she was the last English ruler to exercise the royal veto over parliament (1665-1714)

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I claim for this book, at least originality.

attachesnounUS /əˈtætʃɪz/

plural of “attache” — a specialist assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission

From this reading But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.

author'snounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

possessive form of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading I claim for this book, at least originality.

BrasnounUS /bræs/

plural of “bra” — an undergarment worn by women to support their breasts

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

BuccaneersnounUS /ˌbʌkəˈniːrz/

plural of “buccaneer” — someone who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without having a commission from any sovereign nation

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

childhoodnounUS /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/

the time of person's life when they are a child

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

claimnounUS /kleɪm/

an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading I claim for this book, at least originality.

comparedverbUS /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

conquestsnounUS /ˈkɑːnkwests/

plural of “conquest” — the act of conquering

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

containverbUS /kənˈteɪn/

include or contain; have as a component

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

DefeatsnounUS /dɪˈfiːts/

plural of “defeat” — an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

engagementnounUS /enˈɡeɪdʒmənt/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

exploitsnounUS /ˈeksplɔɪts/

plural of “exploit” — a notable achievement

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

extraordinaryadjectiveUS /ˌekstrəˈɔːrdəneri/

beyond what is ordinary or usual; highly unusual or exceptional or remarkable

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

Fer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

FiftiesnounUS /ˈfɪftiz/

the decade from 1950 to 1959

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I claim for this book, at least originality.

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

GoesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The history of the Buccaneers has hitherto remained unwritten.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The history of the Buccaneers has hitherto remained unwritten.

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading The history of the Buccaneers has hitherto remained unwritten.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I claim for this book, at least originality.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.

JoinsnounUS /dʒɔɪnz/

plural of “join” — the shape or manner in which things come together and a connection is made

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

labours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.

lenounUS /lə/

a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading I claim for this book, at least originality.

literallyadverbUS /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

Montbars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

navaladjectiveUS /ˈneɪvəl/

connected with or belonging to or used in a navy

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

negronounUS /ˈniːɡroʊ/

a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

originalitynounUS /ərˌɪdʒəˈnælɪti/

the ability to think and act independently

From this reading I claim for this book, at least originality.

plundernounUS /ˈplʌn.dər/

Goods or treasure taken by force or theft, especially in war or banditry.

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

PREFACEnounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

recordedadjectiveUS /rəˈkɔːrdɪd/

set down or registered in a permanent form especially on film or tape for reproduction

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The history of the Buccaneers has hitherto remained unwritten.

responsibilitiesnounUS /riˌspɑːnsəˈbɪlətiz/

plural of “responsibility” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.

revengenounUS /riˈvendʒ/

action taken in return for an injury or offense

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

RouxnounUS /ruː/

a mixture of fat and flour heated and used as a basis for sauces

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

SantiagonounUS /ˌsæntiˈɑːɡoʊ/

city in the northern Dominican Republic

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

stratagemsnounUS /ˈstrætədʒəmz/

plural of “stratagem” — a maneuver in a game or conversation

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I claim for this book, at least originality.

ThreenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

unclenounUS /ˈʌŋkəl/

the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

unfortunatelyadverbUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

by bad luck

From this reading But this originality, unfortunately, if it attaches interest to an author's labours, adds also to his responsibilities.

unwrittenadjectiveUS /ənˈrɪtən/

based on custom rather than documentation

From this reading The history of the Buccaneers has hitherto remained unwritten.

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

volumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

warsnounUS /wɔːrz/

plural of “war” — the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Three or four forgotten volumes contain literally all that is recorded of the wars and conquests of these extraordinary men.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Bras de Fer compared by French writers to Alexander the Great--His exploits and stratagems--Montbars--Anecdote of his childhood--Goes to sea--His first naval engagement--Joins the Buccaneers--Defeats the Spanish Fifties--His uncle killed--His revenge--Anecdote of the negro vessel--Adam and Anne le Roux plunder Santiago 267 PREFACE.

Chapter 1 of The Monarchs of the Main by Walter Thornbury holds 55 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Monarchs of the Main contain?

Chapter 1 holds 55 sentences of The Monarchs of the Main, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Monarchs of the Main by Walter Thornbury exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 55 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Monarchs of the Main?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Monarchs of the Main

Common questions about reading The Monarchs of the Main by Walter Thornbury on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Monarchs of the Main?

Yes. All 2463 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38631 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Monarchs of the Main is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38631, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Monarchs of the Main take to read?

About 205 minutes of reading across 493 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Monarchs of the Main

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Monarchs of the Main, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Compared
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Monarchs of the Main; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
French
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Monarchs of the Main; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Writers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Monarchs of the Main; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alexander
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Monarchs of the Main; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.