Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Monastery
The Monastery

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Monastery is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Monastery
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.
The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.
There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”
Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.
In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Monastery

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Monastery is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.
Line 2
The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.
/ðə dɪˈspleɪ meɪd baɪ ðer ˈfɔːrfɑːðərz wɑːz ɪn ðə ˈnʌmbərz ʌv ðer ˈretənuː bʌt æz ðə ˈæktʃəwəl ˈɪnfluːəns ʌv ðə noʊˈbɪləti bɪˈɡæn tuː biː riˈstreɪnd boʊθ ɪn fræns ənd ˈɪŋɡlənd baɪ ðə ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ ˈpaʊər ʌv ðə kraʊn ðə ˌɪnˈdʌldʒəns ʌv ˈvænəti ɪn ˈpɜːrsɪnəl dɪˈspleɪ bɪˈkeɪm mɔːr ˌɪˈnɔːrdənɪt/
Line 3
There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made ofBonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”
Line 4
Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.
Line 5
In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

annuity noun US /əˈnuːəti/

income from capital investment paid in a series of regular payments

From this reading “In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.”

compensated adjective US /ˈkɑːmpənseɪtəd/

receiving or eligible for compensation

From this reading “In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.”

creditor noun US /ˈkredətər/

a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists

From this reading “In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.”

doomsday noun US /ˈduːmzdeɪ/

(New Testament) day at the end of time following Armageddon when God will decree the fates of all individual humans according to the good and evil of their earthly lives

From this reading “In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.”

informs verb US /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmz/

third-person singular of “inform” — impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to

From this reading “Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.”

inordinate adjective US /ˌɪˈnɔːrdənɪt/

beyond normal limits

From this reading “The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.”

payable adjective US /ˈpeɪəbəl/

subject to or requiring payment especially as specified

From this reading “In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.”

profuse adjective US /prəˈfjuːs/

produced or growing in extreme abundance

From this reading “In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.”

All words in this reading · 142

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1537

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

acresnounUS /ˈeɪkərz/

extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for his own use

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

allusionsnounUS /əˈluːʒənz/

plural of “allusion” — passing reference or indirect mention

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

annuitynounUS /əˈnuːəti/

income from capital investment paid in a series of regular payments

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

apparelnounUS /əˈpærəl/

clothing in general

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

assignedadjectiveUS /əˈsaɪnd/

appointed to a post or duty

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

attributenounUS /ˈætrəbjuːt/

a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

baronynoun

the estate of a baron

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

BondsnounUS /bɑːndz/

plural of “bond” — an electrical force linking atoms

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

borrowedverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊd/

past form of “borrow” — get temporarily

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

bridenounUS /braɪd/

a woman who has recently been married

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

Carnwarth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

ChapelnounUS /ˈtʃæpəl/

a place of worship that has its own altar

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

compensatedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmpənseɪtəd/

receiving or eligible for compensation

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

coxcombs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

creditornounUS /ˈkredətər/

a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

displaynounUS /dɪˈspleɪ/

something intended to communicate a particular impression

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

doomsdaynounUS /ˈduːmzdeɪ/

(New Testament) day at the end of time following Armageddon when God will decree the fates of all individual humans according to the good and evil of their earthly lives

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

dramaticadjectiveUS /drəˈmætɪk/

suitable to or characteristic of drama

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

enter'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

entrancenounUS /ˈentrəns/

something that provides access (to get in or get out)

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

expensenounUS /ɪkˈspens/

amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

extravagancenounUS /ekˈstrævəɡəns/

the quality of exceeding the appropriate limits of decorum or probability or truth

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

fashionableadjectiveUS /ˈfæʃənəbəl/

being or in accordance with current social fashions

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

FootnotenounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊt/

a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

forefathersnounUS /ˈfɔːrfɑːðərz/

plural of “forefather” — the founder of a family

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

gallantadjectiveUS /ˈɡælənt/

unflinching in battle or action

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

gayadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

HumournounUS /ˈhjuːmər/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

increasingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming greater or larger

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

indulgencenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

an inability to resist the gratification of whims and desires

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

informsverbUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmz/

third-person singular of “inform” — impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

inordinateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnɔːrdənɪt/

beyond normal limits

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

JonsonnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English dramatist and poet who was the first real poet laureate of England (1572-1637)

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

Magdalen's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

MannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

Memorie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

mentionverbUS /ˈmenʃən/

make reference to

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

nobilitynounUS /noʊˈbɪləti/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

occursverbUS /əˈkɜːrz/

third-person singular of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

payableadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪəbəl/

subject to or requiring payment especially as specified

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

perpetualadjectiveUS /pərˈpetʃuːəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

Piercie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

poundsnounUS /paʊndz/

plural of “pound” — 16 ounces avoirdupois

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

profuseadjectiveUS /prəˈfjuːs/

produced or growing in extreme abundance

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

restrainedadjectiveUS /riˈstreɪnd/

cool and formal in manner

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

retinuenounUS /ˈretənuː/

the group following and attending to some important person

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

SaintnounUS /seɪnt/

a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

ScottishnounUS /ˈskɑːtɪʃ/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

Shafton's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

Shakspeare

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

shortlived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

Somerville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

threescorenoun

a set with 3 times 20 members

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

trunksnounUS /trʌŋks/

(used in the plural) trousers that end at or above the knee

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

twere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

VnounUS /viː/

a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

vanitynounUS /ˈvænəti/

feelings of excessive pride

From this reading The display made by their forefathers was in the numbers of their retinue; but as the actual influence of the nobility began to be restrained both in France and England by the increasing power of the crown, the indulgence of vanity in personal display became more inordinate.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [Footnote: Sir Piercie Shafton's extreme love of dress was an attribute of the coxcombs of this period.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading There are many allusions to this change of custom in Shakspeare and other dramatic writers, where the reader may find mention made of “Bonds enter'd into For gay apparel against the triumph day.”

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading In the year 1537, when James V. brought over his shortlived bride from France, the Lord Somerville of the day was so profuse in the expense of his apparel, that the money which he borrowed on the occasion was compensated by a perpetual annuity of threescore pounds Scottish, payable out of the barony of Carnwarth till doomsday, which was assigned by the creditor to Saint Magdalen's Chapel.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Jonson informs us, that for the first entrance of a gallant, “'twere good you turned four or five hundred acres of your best land into two or three trunks of apparel.”--_Every Man out of his Humour._ In the Memorie of the Somerville family, a curious instance occurs of this fashionable species of extravagance.

Chapter 10 of The Monastery by Walter Scott holds 408 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Monastery contain?

Chapter 10 holds 408 sentences of The Monastery, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Monastery by Walter Scott exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 408 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Monastery?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Monastery

Common questions about reading The Monastery by Walter Scott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Monastery?

Yes. All 5194 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6406 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Monastery is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6406, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Monastery take to read?

About 432 minutes of reading across 1039 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Monastery section by section

How to work through The Monastery section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of The Monastery to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Monastery

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Monastery, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Waverly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Monastery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novels
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Monastery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Walter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Monastery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scott
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Monastery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.