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The Monikins
The Monikins

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Monikins is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
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AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.
The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.
The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.
The latter were of the common species, of the usual size, and of approved gravity.
There were two of each sex; being very equally paired as to years and external advantages.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Monikins

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Monikins is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.
/æn ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən tuː fɔːr nuː ˈkærəktərz sʌm ˈtʌtʃəz ʌv fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi ənd ə fjuː ˈkæpətəl θɔːts ɑːn pəˈlɪtəkəl ɪˈkɑːnəmi/
Line 2
The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.
Line 3
The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.
Line 4
The latter were of the common species, of the usual size, and of approved gravity.
/ðə ˈlætər wɜːr ʌv ðə ˈkɑːmən ˈspiːʃiz ʌv ðə ˈjuːʒəwəl saɪz ənd ʌv əˈpruːvd ˈɡrævəti/
Line 5
There were two of each sex; being very equally paired as to years and external advantages.
/ðer wɜːr tuː ʌv iːtʃ seks ˈbiːɪŋ ˈveri ˈiːkwəli perd æz tuː jɪrz ənd ɪkˈstɜːrnəl ædˈvæntɪdʒɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

carnivorous adjective US /kɑːrˈnɪvərəs/

relating to or characteristic of carnivores

From this reading “The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.”

genus noun US /ˈdʒiːnəs/

a general kind of something

From this reading “The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.”

homo noun US /ˈhoʊmoʊ/

someone who is sexually attracted to persons of the same sex

From this reading “The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.”

paired adjective US /perd/

occurring in pairs or as a pair

From this reading “There were two of each sex; being very equally paired as to years and external advantages.”

parlance noun US /ˈpɑːrləns/

a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of a language

From this reading “The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.”

primates noun US /ˈpraɪmeɪts/

an animal order including lemurs and tarsiers and monkeys and apes and human beings

From this reading “The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.”

unwashed adjective US /ənˈwɑːʃt/

of or associated with the great masses of people

From this reading “The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.”

voracious adjective US /vɔːˈreɪʃəs/

excessively greedy and grasping

From this reading “The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

advantagesnounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒɪz/

plural of “advantage” — the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading There were two of each sex; being very equally paired as to years and external advantages.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

appetitesnounUS /ˈæpətaɪts/

plural of “appetite” — a feeling of craving something

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

approvedadjectiveUS /əˈpruːvd/

established by authority; given authoritative approval

From this reading The latter were of the common species, of the usual size, and of approved gravity.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

avariciousadjective

immoderately desirous of acquiring e.g. wealth

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

CAPITALnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

carnivorousadjectiveUS /kɑːrˈnɪvərəs/

relating to or characteristic of carnivores

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

CHARACTERSnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

colornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading There were two of each sex; being very equally paired as to years and external advantages.

ECONOMYnounUS /ɪˈkɑːnəmi/

the system of production and distribution and consumption

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading There were two of each sex; being very equally paired as to years and external advantages.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading There were two of each sex; being very equally paired as to years and external advantages.

FEWadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

FOURnounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

genusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnəs/

a general kind of something

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

gravitynounUS /ˈɡrævəti/

(physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface

From this reading The latter were of the common species, of the usual size, and of approved gravity.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

homonounUS /ˈhoʊmoʊ/

someone who is sexually attracted to persons of the same sex

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

individualsnounUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəlz/

plural of “individual” — a human being

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

INTRODUCTIONnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading The latter were of the common species, of the usual size, and of approved gravity.

lineaments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

mammalianoun

warm-blooded vertebrates characterized by mammary glands in the female

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

monkeysnounUS /ˈmʌŋkiz/

plural of “monkey” — any of various long-tailed primates (excluding the prosimians)

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

NEWadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

pairedadjectiveUS /perd/

occurring in pairs or as a pair

From this reading There were two of each sex; being very equally paired as to years and external advantages.

parlancenounUS /ˈpɑːrləns/

a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of a language

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

PHILOSOPHYnounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

POLITICALadjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

primatesnounUS /ˈpraɪmeɪts/

an animal order including lemurs and tarsiers and monkeys and apes and human beings

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

raggedadjectiveUS /ˈræɡəd/

being or dressed in clothes that are worn or torn

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

remaindernounUS /rɪˈmeɪndər/

something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

Savoyards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

sexnounUS /seks/

activities associated with sexual intercourse

From this reading There were two of each sex; being very equally paired as to years and external advantages.

shrewdadjectiveUS /ʃruːd/

marked by practical hardheaded intelligence

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading The latter were of the common species, of the usual size, and of approved gravity.

SOMEadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading The latter were of the common species, of the usual size, and of approved gravity.

swarthyadjectiveUS /ˈswɔːrði/

naturally having skin of a dark color

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

termedverbUS /tɜːrmd/

past form of “term” — name formally or designate with a term

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were two of each sex; being very equally paired as to years and external advantages.

THOUGHTSnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

TOUCHESnounUS /ˈtʌtʃəz/

plural of “touch” — the event of something coming in contact with the body

From this reading AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUR NEW CHARACTERS, SOME TOUCHES OF PHILOSOPHY, AND A FEW CAPITAL THOUGHTS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

unwashedadjectiveUS /ənˈwɑːʃt/

of or associated with the great masses of people

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading The latter were of the common species, of the usual size, and of approved gravity.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading There were two of each sex; being very equally paired as to years and external advantages.

voraciousadjectiveUS /vɔːˈreɪʃəs/

excessively greedy and grasping

From this reading The first were Savoyards, and may be generally described as being unwashed, ragged, and carnivorous; in color swarthy; in lineaments and expression avaricious and shrewd; and in appetites voracious.

vulgarlyadverb

in a smutty manner

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The group which drew my attention was composed of six individuals, two of which were animals of the genus homo, or what is vulgarly termed man; and the remainder were of the order primates, and of the class mammalia; or what in common parlance are called monkeys.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading There were two of each sex; being very equally paired as to years and external advantages.

Chapter 8 of The Monikins by James Fenimore Cooper holds 135 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Monikins contain?

Chapter 8 holds 135 sentences of The Monikins, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Monikins by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 135 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Monikins?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Monikins

Common questions about reading The Monikins by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Monikins?

Yes. All 4799 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4092 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Monikins is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4092, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Monikins take to read?

About 399 minutes of reading across 960 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Monikins section by section

How to work through The Monikins section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of The Monikins to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Monikins

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Monikins, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Monikins; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pedigree
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Monikins; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Monikins; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Philosopher
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Monikins; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.