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The Morgan trail
The Morgan trail

Chapter XV · The Cave Man

Chapter XV of The Morgan trail, “The Cave Man,” is here in full — 312 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Morgan trail
Context Illustration Reading 1/62 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.
It was Napoleon Bonaparte Briggs, but they did not know him.
His closest friends would have had difficulty in recognizing him now.
His head seemed to have been battered until it was out of shape.
His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Morgan trail

Chapter XV · The Cave Man

Chapter XV of The Morgan trail, “The Cave Man,” is here in full — 312 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.
/fɔːr wʌt siːmd ˈaʊərz næn ənd reks sterd əˈkrɔːs ðə ˈfaɪər æt ðɪs mæn/
Line 2
It was Napoleon Bonaparte Briggs, but they did not know him.
Line 3
His closest friends would have had difficulty in recognizing him now.
/hɪz ˈkloʊsəst frendz wʊd hæv hæd ˈdɪfəkəlti ɪn ˈrekəɡnaɪzɪŋ hɪm naʊ/
Line 4
His head seemed to have been battered until it was out of shape.
/hɪz hed siːmd tuː hæv bɪn ˈbætərd ənˈtɪl ɪt wɑːz aʊt ʌv ʃeɪp/
Line 5
His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.
/hɪz ˈfɔːrhed wɑːz ˈswoʊlən ˈoʊvər hɪz aɪz ˈɡɪvɪŋ hɪm ˈɔːlmoʊst ðə əˈpɪrəns ʌv ə ɡərˈɪlə ənd ɑːn wʌn saɪd ʌv hɪz hed ðə skælp hæd bɪn tɔːrn luːs dɪˈskloʊzɪŋ æn ˈʌɡli waʊnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

battered adjective US /ˈbætərd/

damaged by blows or hard usage

From this reading “His head seemed to have been battered until it was out of shape.”

Bonaparte noun US /ˈboʊnəpɑːrt/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading “It was Napoleon Bonaparte Briggs, but they did not know him.”

closest adverb US /ˈkloʊsəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading “His closest friends would have had difficulty in recognizing him now.”

disclosing verb US /dɪˈskloʊzɪŋ/

-ing form of “disclose” — make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret

From this reading “His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.”

gorilla noun US /ɡərˈɪlə/

largest anthropoid ape; terrestrial and vegetarian; of forests of central west Africa

From this reading “His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.”

recognizing verb US /ˈrekəɡnaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “recognize” — accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority

From this reading “His closest friends would have had difficulty in recognizing him now.”

Rex noun US /reks/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading “For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.”

scalp noun US /skælp/

the skin that covers the top of the head

From this reading “His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ugly wound adjective + noun

In this reading “His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.

batteredadjectiveUS /ˈbætərd/

damaged by blows or hard usage

From this reading His head seemed to have been battered until it was out of shape.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading His head seemed to have been battered until it was out of shape.

BonapartenounUS /ˈboʊnəpɑːrt/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading It was Napoleon Bonaparte Briggs, but they did not know him.

Briggs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Napoleon Bonaparte Briggs, but they did not know him.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It was Napoleon Bonaparte Briggs, but they did not know him.

closestadverbUS /ˈkloʊsəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading His closest friends would have had difficulty in recognizing him now.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading It was Napoleon Bonaparte Briggs, but they did not know him.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading His closest friends would have had difficulty in recognizing him now.

disclosingverbUS /dɪˈskloʊzɪŋ/

-ing form of “disclose” — make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.

foreheadnounUS /ˈfɔːrhed/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading His closest friends would have had difficulty in recognizing him now.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

gorillanounUS /ɡərˈɪlə/

largest anthropoid ape; terrestrial and vegetarian; of forests of central west Africa

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His closest friends would have had difficulty in recognizing him now.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading His closest friends would have had difficulty in recognizing him now.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading His head seemed to have been battered until it was out of shape.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was Napoleon Bonaparte Briggs, but they did not know him.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His closest friends would have had difficulty in recognizing him now.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading His closest friends would have had difficulty in recognizing him now.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was Napoleon Bonaparte Briggs, but they did not know him.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading It was Napoleon Bonaparte Briggs, but they did not know him.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.

NannounUS /næn/

your grandmother

From this reading For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading It was Napoleon Bonaparte Briggs, but they did not know him.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was Napoleon Bonaparte Briggs, but they did not know him.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading His closest friends would have had difficulty in recognizing him now.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading His head seemed to have been battered until it was out of shape.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading His head seemed to have been battered until it was out of shape.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

recognizingverbUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “recognize” — accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority

From this reading His closest friends would have had difficulty in recognizing him now.

RexnounUS /reks/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.

scalpnounUS /skælp/

the skin that covers the top of the head

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading His head seemed to have been battered until it was out of shape.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

staredverbUS /sterd/

past form of “stare” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.

swollenadjectiveUS /ˈswoʊlən/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was Napoleon Bonaparte Briggs, but they did not know him.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His head seemed to have been battered until it was out of shape.

tornadjectiveUS /tɔːrn/

having edges that are jagged from injury

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

uglyadjectiveUS /ˈʌɡli/

displeasing to the senses

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading His head seemed to have been battered until it was out of shape.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was Napoleon Bonaparte Briggs, but they did not know him.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading For what seemed hours Nan and Rex stared across the fire at this man.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading His closest friends would have had difficulty in recognizing him now.

woundnounUS /waʊnd/

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading His forehead was swollen over his eyes, giving him almost the appearance of a gorilla, and on one side of his head the scalp had been torn loose, disclosing an ugly wound.

Chapter 15 of The Morgan trail by W. C. (Wilbur C.) Tuttle holds 312 sentences, grouped into 63 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of The Morgan trail contain?

Chapter 15 holds 312 sentences of The Morgan trail, unabridged, divided into 63 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of The Morgan trail by W. C. (Wilbur C.) Tuttle exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 312 sentences, grouped into 63 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of The Morgan trail?

Work through the 63 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 63 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Morgan trail

Common questions about reading The Morgan trail by W. C. (Wilbur C.) Tuttle on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Morgan trail?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Morgan trail is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Morgan trail take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Morgan trail section by section

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  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Morgan trail

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Morgan trail, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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