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The Mother of St. Nicholas
The Mother of St. Nicholas

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Mother of St. Nicholas is here in full — 32 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/6 · 5 lines
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THE AMPHITHEATRE.
The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.
Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.
There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.
The higher arcades were adorned with statues and chariots, and admitted light and air.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Mother of St. Nicholas

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Mother of St. Nicholas is here in full — 32 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/6 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE AMPHITHEATRE.
/ðə ˈæmfəθiˈeɪtər/
Line 2
The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.
Line 3
Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.
Line 4
There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.
Line 5
The higher arcades were adorned with statues and chariots, and admitted light and air.
/ðə ˈhaɪər ɑːrˈkeɪdz wɜːr əˈdɔːrnd wɪð ˈstætʃuːz ənd ˈtʃeriəts ənd ədˈmɪtɪd laɪt ənd er/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arcades noun US /ɑːrˈkeɪdz/

plural of “arcade” — a covered passageway with shops and stalls on either side

From this reading “Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.”

capped adjective US /kæpt/

used especially of front teeth having (artificial) crowns

From this reading “Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.”

Colosseum noun US /ˌkɑːləˈsiːəm/

a large amphitheater in Rome whose construction was begun by Vespasian about AD 75 or 80

From this reading “The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.”

Corinthian noun US /kərˈɪnθiən/

a man devoted to the pursuit of pleasure

From this reading “Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.”

Doric noun US /ˈdɔːrɪk/

the dialect of Ancient Greek spoken in Doris

From this reading “Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.”

Ionic adjective US /ˌaɪˈɑːnɪk/

containing or involving or occurring in the form of ions

From this reading “Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.”

movable adjective US /ˈmuːvəbəl/

(of personal property as opposed to real estate) can be moved from place to place (especially carried by hand)

From this reading “There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.”

pilasters noun US /pəˈlæstərz/

plural of “pilaster” — a rectangular column that usually projects about a third of its width from the wall to which it is attached

From this reading “Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

solid wall adjective + noun

In this reading “Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.”

in circumference preposition + noun

In this reading “The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.”

three rows noun + noun counted as “three row”

In this reading “Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.”

in height preposition + noun

having a specified height

In this reading “The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.”

in shape preposition + noun

In this reading “The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

100

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

100,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

1900

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

80

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

admittedverbUS /ədˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading The higher arcades were adorned with statues and chariots, and admitted light and air.

adornedadjectiveUS /əˈdɔːrnd/

provided with something intended to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading The higher arcades were adorned with statues and chariots, and admitted light and air.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The higher arcades were adorned with statues and chariots, and admitted light and air.

AMPHITHEATREnounUS /ˈæmfəθiˈeɪtər/

a sloping gallery with seats for spectators (as in an operating room or theater)

From this reading THE AMPHITHEATRE.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

arcadesnounUS /ɑːrˈkeɪdz/

plural of “arcade” — a covered passageway with shops and stalls on either side

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

archesnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃəz/

plural of “arch” — a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

awningnounUS /ˈɑːnɪŋ/

a canopy made of canvas to shelter people or things from rain or sun

From this reading There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.

capableadjectiveUS /ˈkeɪpəbəl/

(usually followed by “of”) having capacity or ability

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

cappedadjectiveUS /kæpt/

used especially of front teeth having (artificial) crowns

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

chariotsnounUS /ˈtʃeriəts/

plural of “chariot” — a light four-wheel horse-drawn ceremonial carriage

From this reading The higher arcades were adorned with statues and chariots, and admitted light and air.

circumferencenounUS /ˌsɜːrˈkʌmfrəns/

the size of something as given by the distance around it

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

ColosseumnounUS /ˌkɑːləˈsiːəm/

a large amphitheater in Rome whose construction was begun by Vespasian about AD 75 or 80

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

columnsnounUS /ˈkɑːləmz/

plural of “column” — a line of units following one after another

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

CorinthiannounUS /kərˈɪnθiən/

a man devoted to the pursuit of pleasure

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

costlyadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːstli/

entailing great loss or sacrifice

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

demoniacnoun

someone who acts as if possessed by a demon

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

DoricnounUS /ˈdɔːrɪk/

the dialect of Ancient Greek spoken in Doris

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

eggnounUS /eɡ/

animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

formingverbUS /ˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “form” — create (as an entity)

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.

giganticadjectiveUS /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading The higher arcades were adorned with statues and chariots, and admitted light and air.

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

ImperialadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɪriəl/

relating to or associated with an empire

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

IonicadjectiveUS /ˌaɪˈɑːnɪk/

containing or involving or occurring in the form of ions

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

ItsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The higher arcades were adorned with statues and chariots, and admitted light and air.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

movableadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvəbəl/

(of personal property as opposed to real estate) can be moved from place to place (especially carried by hand)

From this reading There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

ovalnounUS /ˈoʊvəl/

a closed plane curve resulting from the intersection of a circular cone and a plane cutting completely through it

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

pilastersnounUS /pəˈlæstərz/

plural of “pilaster” — a rectangular column that usually projects about a third of its width from the wall to which it is attached

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

rownounUS /roʊ/

an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

rowsnounUS /roʊz/

plural of “row” — an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

seatingnounUS /ˈsiːtɪŋ/

an area that includes places where several people can sit

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

shelternounUS /ˈʃeltər/

a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

solidadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləd/

characterized by good substantial quality

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

spectatorsnounUS /ˈspekteɪtərz/

plural of “spectator” — a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

statuesnounUS /ˈstætʃuːz/

plural of “statue” — a sculpture representing a human or animal

From this reading The higher arcades were adorned with statues and chariots, and admitted light and air.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE AMPHITHEATRE.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

velarium

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was no roof, shelter from sun or rain being given by a movable awning called the _velarium_.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Colosseum or amphitheatre in Rome was a gigantic, costly building, oval in shape, 100 feet in height, 1900 feet in circumference, and capable of seating 100,000 spectators--a huge egg laid by Imperial power and demoniac love of pleasure.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The higher arcades were adorned with statues and chariots, and admitted light and air.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Its external wall rose up in three rows of columns, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, forming 80 arcades or arches in each row, and was capped by a solid wall with Corinthian pilasters and small square windows.

Chapter 4 of The Mother of St. Nicholas by Grant Balfour holds 32 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Mother of St. Nicholas contain?

Chapter 4 holds 32 sentences of The Mother of St. Nicholas, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Mother of St. Nicholas by Grant Balfour exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 32 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Mother of St. Nicholas?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Mother of St. Nicholas

Common questions about reading The Mother of St. Nicholas by Grant Balfour on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Mother of St. Nicholas?

Yes. All 676 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33607 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Mother of St. Nicholas is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33607, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Mother of St. Nicholas take to read?

About 56 minutes of reading across 136 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Mother of St. Nicholas section by section

How to work through The Mother of St. Nicholas section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of The Mother of St. Nicholas to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Mother of St. Nicholas

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Mother of St. Nicholas, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mother of St. Nicholas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nicholas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mother of St. Nicholas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mother of St. Nicholas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Peril
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mother of St. Nicholas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.