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The Mountains of California
The Mountains of California

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Mountains of California is here in full — 134 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.
Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.
Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.
Every wind is fretted by his voice, almost every bole and branch feels the sting of his sharp feet.
How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Mountains of California

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Mountains of California is here in full — 134 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.
Line 2
Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.
Line 3
Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.
/ðoʊ ˈoʊnli ə fjuː ˈɪntʃəz lɔːŋ soʊ ˌɪnˈtens ɪz hɪz ˈfaɪəri ˈvɪɡər ənd ˈrestləsnəs hiː stɜːrz ˈevəri ɡroʊv wɪð waɪld laɪf ənd meɪks hɪmˈself mɔːr ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt ðæn ˈiːvɪn ðə hjuːdʒ berz ðæt ˈʃʌfəl θruː ðə ˈtæŋɡəld ˈʌndərbrʌʃ bɪˈniːθ hɪm/
Line 4
Every wind is fretted by his voice, almost every bole and branch feels the sting of his sharp feet.
/ˈevəri waɪnd ɪz ˈfretɪd baɪ hɪz vɔɪs ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈevəri boʊl ənd bræntʃ fiːlz ðə stɪŋ ʌv hɪz ʃɑːrp fiːt/
Line 5
How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

appreciable adjective US /əˈpriːʃəbəl/

enough to be estimated or measured

From this reading “How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.”

bole noun US /boʊl/

a soft oily clay used as a pigment (especially a reddish brown pigment)

From this reading “Every wind is fretted by his voice, almost every bole and branch feels the sting of his sharp feet.”

inhabits verb US /ɪnˈhæbəts/

third-person singular of “inhabit” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading “THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.”

manipulating verb US /məˈnɪpjəleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “manipulate” — influence or control shrewdly or deviously

From this reading “How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.”

shuffle verb US /ˈʃʌfəl/

walk by dragging one's feet

From this reading “Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.”

Sierra noun US /siˈerə/

a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading “Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.”

underbrush noun US /ˈʌndərbrʌʃ/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading “Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.”

zones noun US /zoʊnz/

plural of “zone” — a locally circumscribed place characterized by some distinctive features

From this reading “Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.”

All words in this reading · 123

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Every wind is fretted by his voice, almost every bole and branch feels the sting of his sharp feet.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

appreciableadjectiveUS /əˈpriːʃəbəl/

enough to be estimated or measured

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

bearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

bolenounUS /boʊl/

a soft oily clay used as a pigment (especially a reddish brown pigment)

From this reading Every wind is fretted by his voice, almost every bole and branch feels the sting of his sharp feet.

branchnounUS /bræntʃ/

a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading Every wind is fretted by his voice, almost every bole and branch feels the sting of his sharp feet.

bringsverbUS /brɪŋz/

third-person singular of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

CalifornianounUS /ˌkæləˈfɔːrnjə/

a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

distributionnounUS /ˌdɪstrəˈbjuːʃən/

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing their observed or theoretical frequency of occurrence

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

DOUGLASnounUS /ˈdʌɡləs/

United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

Douglasii

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

everywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

feelsnounUS /fiːlz/

plural of “feel” — an intuitive awareness

From this reading Every wind is fretted by his voice, almost every bole and branch feels the sting of his sharp feet.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Every wind is fretted by his voice, almost every bole and branch feels the sting of his sharp feet.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

fieryadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪəri/

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

FirsnounUS /fɜːrz/

plural of “fir” — nonresinous wood of a fir tree

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

forestsnounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

frettedadjectiveUS /ˈfretɪd/

having frets

From this reading Every wind is fretted by his voice, almost every bole and branch feels the sting of his sharp feet.

giantnounUS /ˈdʒaɪənt/

any creature of exceptional size

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

GoverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

grovenounUS /ɡroʊv/

a small growth of trees without underbrush

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

inchesnounUS /ˈɪntʃəz/

plural of “inch” — a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

influentialadjectiveUS /ˌɪnfluːˈenʃəl/

having or exercising influence or power

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

inhabitsverbUS /ɪnˈhæbəts/

third-person singular of “inhabit” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

intenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtens/

possessing or displaying a distinctive feature to a heightened degree

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

manipulatingverbUS /məˈnɪpjəleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “manipulate” — influence or control shrewdly or deviously

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

master-existence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

NevadanounUS /nəˈvɑːdə/

a state in the western United States

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

peaksnounUS /piːks/

plural of “peak” — the most extreme possible amount or value

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

pinesnounUS /paɪnz/

plural of “pine” — a coniferous tree

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

restlessnessnounUS /ˈrestləsnəs/

the quality of being ceaselessly moving or active

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

sciuridaenoun

a mammal family of true squirrels including: ground squirrels; marmots; chipmunks; flying squirrels; spermophiles

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

Sciurusnoun

type genus of the Sciuridae; typical moderate-sized arboreal squirrels

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

seedsnounUS /siːdz/

plural of “seed” — a small hard fruit

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

sharpadjectiveUS /ʃɑːrp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading Every wind is fretted by his voice, almost every bole and branch feels the sting of his sharp feet.

shuffleverbUS /ˈʃʌfəl/

walk by dragging one's feet

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

SierranounUS /siˈerə/

a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

SilvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

spruces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

SQUIRRELnounUS /ˈskwɜːrəl/

a kind of arboreal rodent having a long bushy tail

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

stimulatedadjectiveUS /ˈstɪmjəleɪtɪd/

emotionally aroused

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

stingverbUS /stɪŋ/

cause a sharp or stinging pain or discomfort

From this reading Every wind is fretted by his voice, almost every bole and branch feels the sting of his sharp feet.

stirsnounUS /stɜːrz/

plural of “stir” — a prominent or sensational but short-lived news event

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

storm-bent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

summitnounUS /ˈsʌmət/

the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

surpassingadjectiveUS /sərˈpæsɪŋ/

exceeding or surpassing usual limits especially in excellence

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

tangledadjectiveUS /ˈtæŋɡəld/

in a confused mass

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

thicketsnounUS /ˈθɪkəts/

plural of “thicket” — a dense growth of bushes

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

toweringadjectiveUS /ˈtaʊərɪŋ/

of imposing height; especially standing out above others

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading How much the growth of the trees is stimulated by this means it is not easy to learn, but his action in manipulating their seeds is more appreciable.

underbrushnounUS /ˈʌndərbrʌʃ/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading THE DOUGLAS SQUIRREL (_Sciurus Douglasii_) The Douglas Squirrel is by far the most interesting and influential of the California sciuridae, surpassing every other species in force of character, numbers, and extent of range, and in the amount of influence he brings to bear upon the health and distribution of the vast forests he inhabits.

vigornounUS /ˈvɪɡər/

forceful exertion

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading Every wind is fretted by his voice, almost every bole and branch feels the sting of his sharp feet.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Every wind is fretted by his voice, almost every bole and branch feels the sting of his sharp feet.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Though only a few inches long, so intense is his fiery vigor and restlessness, he stirs every grove with wild life, and makes himself more important than even the huge bears that shuffle through the tangled underbrush beneath him.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

zonesnounUS /zoʊnz/

plural of “zone” — a locally circumscribed place characterized by some distinctive features

From this reading Go where you will throughout the noble woods of the Sierra Nevada, among the giant pines and spruces of the lower zones, up through the towering Silver Firs to the storm-bent thickets of the summit peaks, you everywhere find this little squirrel the master-existence.

Chapter 8 of The Mountains of California by John Muir holds 134 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Mountains of California contain?

Chapter 8 holds 134 sentences of The Mountains of California, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Mountains of California by John Muir exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 134 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Mountains of California?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Mountains of California

Common questions about reading The Mountains of California by John Muir on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Mountains of California?

Yes. All 2557 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10012 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Mountains of California is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10012, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Mountains of California take to read?

About 213 minutes of reading across 512 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Mountains of California section by section

How to work through The Mountains of California section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of The Mountains of California to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Mountains of California

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Mountains of California, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mountains of California; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Residual
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mountains of California; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Glaciers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mountains of California; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mentioned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mountains of California; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.