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The Mountains of California
The Mountains of California

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of The Mountains of California is here in full — 157 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE WILD SHEEP (_Ovis montana_) The wild sheep ranks highest among the animal mountaineers of the Sierra.
Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.
Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.
They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).
To this last-named species belongs the wild sheep of the Sierra.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Mountains of California

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of The Mountains of California is here in full — 157 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WILD SHEEP (_Ovis montana_) The wild sheep ranks highest among the animal mountaineers of the Sierra.
Line 2
Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.
Line 3
Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.
Line 4
They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).
Line 5
To this last-named species belongs the wild sheep of the Sierra.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bighorn noun US /ˈbɪɡhɔːrn/

a river that flows from central Wyoming to the Yellowstone River in southern Montana

From this reading “They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).”

classified adjective US /ˈklæsəfaɪd/

arranged into classes

From this reading “They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).”

Corsican adjective US /ˈkɔːrsəkən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Corsica or its people

From this reading “They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).”

Himalaya noun US /ˌhɪməˈlaɪə/

a mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet; this range contains the world's highest mountain

From this reading “They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).”

montana noun US /mɑːnˈtænə/

a state in northwestern United States on the Canadian border

naturalists noun US /ˈnætʃərəlɪsts/

plural of “naturalist” — an advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms

From this reading “They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).”

northeastern adjective US /ˌnɔːrˈθiːstərn/

situated in or oriented toward the northeast

From this reading “They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).”

unscathed adjective US /ənˈskeɪðd/

not injured or harmed

From this reading “Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

AfricanounUS /ˈæfrəkɑː/

the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

amidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

ammon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

Ammotragusnoun

genus of wild sheep

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading THE WILD SHEEP (_Ovis montana_) The wild sheep ranks highest among the animal mountaineers of the Sierra.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading THE WILD SHEEP (_Ovis montana_) The wild sheep ranks highest among the animal mountaineers of the Sierra.

aoudadnoun

wild sheep of northern Africa

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

argalinoun

wild sheep of semidesert regions in central Asia

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

AsianounUS /ˈeɪʒə/

the largest continent with 60% of the earth's population; it is joined to Europe on the west to form Eurasia; it is the site of some of the world's earliest civilizations

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

belongsverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋz/

third-person singular of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading To this last-named species belongs the wild sheep of the Sierra.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

bighornnounUS /ˈbɪɡhɔːrn/

a river that flows from central Wyoming to the Yellowstone River in southern Montana

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

Blyth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

burrhel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

Caprovis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

centraladjectiveUS /ˈsentrəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

classifiedadjectiveUS /ˈklæsəfaɪd/

arranged into classes

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

CorsicanadjectiveUS /ˈkɔːrsəkən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Corsica or its people

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

cragnounUS /kræɡ/

a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

crossingnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪŋ/

traveling across

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

Cuv

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

developingadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/

relating to societies in which capital needed to industrialize is in short supply

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

dwellverbUS /dwel/

think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

dwellsverbUS /dwelz/

third-person singular of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

foamingadjectiveUS /ˈfoʊmɪŋ/

emitting or filled with bubbles as from carbonation or fermentation

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

frontsnounUS /frʌnts/

plural of “front” — the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

frozenadjectiveUS /ˈfroʊzən/

turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long and severe cold

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

giddyadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪdi/

having or causing a whirling sensation; liable to falling

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

globenounUS /ɡloʊb/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading THE WILD SHEEP (_Ovis montana_) The wild sheep ranks highest among the animal mountaineers of the Sierra.

HimalayanounUS /ˌhɪməˈlaɪə/

a mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet; this range contains the world's highest mountain

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

imperfectlyadverbUS /ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪktli/

in an imperfect or faulty way

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

inaccessibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnəkˈsesəbəl/

capable of being reached only with great difficulty or not at all

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

inhabitedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈhæbətəd/

having inhabitants; lived in

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

keenadjectiveUS /kiːn/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

last-named

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To this last-named species belongs the wild sheep of the Sierra.

leapingnounUS /ˈliːpɪŋ/

a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

limbsnounUS /lɪmz/

plural of “limb” — one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

Linn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

loftiest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

loftyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːfti/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

maintainingverbUS /meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “maintain” — cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

montananounUS /mɑːnˈtænə/

a state in northwestern United States on the Canadian border

From this reading THE WILD SHEEP (_Ovis montana_) The wild sheep ranks highest among the animal mountaineers of the Sierra.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

mouflonnoun

wild mountain sheep of Corsica and Sardinia

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

MountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

mountain-chains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

mountaineersnounUS /ˈmaʊntɪnɪrz/

plural of “mountaineer” — someone who climbs mountains

From this reading THE WILD SHEEP (_Ovis montana_) The wild sheep ranks highest among the animal mountaineers of the Sierra.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

musimon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

naturalistsnounUS /ˈnætʃərəlɪsts/

plural of “naturalist” — an advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

NearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

northeasternadjectiveUS /ˌnɔːrˈθiːstərn/

situated in or oriented toward the northeast

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

northernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE WILD SHEEP (_Ovis montana_) The wild sheep ranks highest among the animal mountaineers of the Sierra.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

Ovisnoun

sheep

From this reading THE WILD SHEEP (_Ovis montana_) The wild sheep ranks highest among the animal mountaineers of the Sierra.

PalnounUS /pæl/

a close friend who accompanies his buddies in their activities

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

PossessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

precipices

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

ranksnounUS /ræŋks/

plural of “rank” — a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading THE WILD SHEEP (_Ovis montana_) The wild sheep ranks highest among the animal mountaineers of the Sierra.

regionsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənz/

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

remoteadjectiveUS /rɪˈmoʊt/

located far away spatially

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

RockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

scentnounUS /sɛnt/

A distinctive smell or aroma.

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

SHEEPnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading THE WILD SHEEP (_Ovis montana_) The wild sheep ranks highest among the animal mountaineers of the Sierra.

SierranounUS /siˈerə/

a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading THE WILD SHEEP (_Ovis montana_) The wild sheep ranks highest among the animal mountaineers of the Sierra.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

slopesnounUS /sloʊps/

plural of “slope” — an elevated geological formation

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

stormsnounUS /stɔːrmz/

plural of “storm” — a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

summitsnounUS /ˈsʌmɪts/

plural of “summit” — the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WILD SHEEP (_Ovis montana_) The wild sheep ranks highest among the animal mountaineers of the Sierra.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading To this last-named species belongs the wild sheep of the Sierra.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

torrentsnounUS /ˈtɔːrənts/

plural of “torrent” — a heavy rain

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

tragelaphusnoun

African antelopes: kudus; bongos; nyalas; bushbucks

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

unscathedadjectiveUS /ənˈskeɪðd/

not injured or harmed

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

varietiesnounUS /vərˈaɪətiz/

plural of “variety” — a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading They are classified by different naturalists under from five to ten distinct species or varieties, the best known being the burrhel of the Himalaya (_Ovis burrhel_, Blyth); the argali, the large wild sheep of central and northeastern Asia (_O. ammon_, Linn., or _Caprovis argali_); the Corsican mouflon (_O. musimon_, Pal.); the aoudad of the mountains of northern Africa (_Ammotragus tragelaphus_); and the Rocky Mountain bighorn (_O. montana_, Cuv.).

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Nearly all the lofty mountain-chains of the globe are inhabited by wild sheep, most of which, on account of the remote and all but inaccessible regions where they dwell, are imperfectly known as yet.

WILDadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading THE WILD SHEEP (_Ovis montana_) The wild sheep ranks highest among the animal mountaineers of the Sierra.

wildestadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪldɪst/

superlative of “wild” — marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Possessed of keen sight and scent, and strong limbs, he dwells secure amid the loftiest summits, leaping unscathed from crag to crag, up and down the fronts of giddy precipices, crossing foaming torrents and slopes of frozen snow, exposed to the wildest storms, yet maintaining a brave, warm life, and developing from generation to generation in perfect strength and beauty.

Chapter 13 of The Mountains of California by John Muir holds 157 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of The Mountains of California contain?

Chapter 13 holds 157 sentences of The Mountains of California, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of The Mountains of California by John Muir exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 157 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of The Mountains of California?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Mountains of California

Common questions about reading The Mountains of California by John Muir on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Mountains of California?

Yes. All 2557 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10012 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Mountains of California is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10012, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Mountains of California take to read?

About 213 minutes of reading across 512 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Mountains of California section by section

How to work through The Mountains of California section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of The Mountains of California to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Mountains of California

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Mountains of California, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mountains of California; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Residual
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mountains of California; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Glaciers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mountains of California; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mentioned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mountains of California; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.