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The Muse of the Department
The Muse of the Department

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Muse of the Department is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Like a hair in a frost,” said Monsieur de Clagny.
So those are the airs you affect?”[*] retorted Lousteau.
[*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.
In the original, Font chatoyer les _mots_.”
Et quelquefois les _morts_,” dit Monsieur de Clagny.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Muse of the Department

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Muse of the Department is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Like a hair in a frost,” said Monsieur de Clagny.
Line 2
So those are the airs you affect?”[*] retorted Lousteau.
Line 3
[*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.
/ðə ˈrendərɪŋ ˈɡɪvən əˈbʌv ɪz ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈtendɪd tuː lɪŋk ðə ˈveriəs ˈspiːtʃəz ˈɪntuː koʊˈhɪrəns ɪt hæz noʊ rɪˈzembləns wɪð ðə frentʃ/
Line 4
In the original, “Font chatoyer les _mots_.”
Line 5
Et quelquefois les _morts_,” dit Monsieur de Clagny.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affect verb US /əˈfekt/

have an effect upon

From this reading ““So those are the airs you affect?”[*] retorted Lousteau.”

airs noun US /erz/

affected manners intended to impress others

From this reading ““So those are the airs you affect?”[*] retorted Lousteau.”

coherence noun US /koʊˈhɪrəns/

the state of cohering or sticking together

From this reading “[*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.”

Font noun US /fɑːnt/

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading “In the original, “Font chatoyer les _mots_.””

les noun US /les/

plural of “le” — a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading “In the original, “Font chatoyer les _mots_.””

link verb US /lɪŋk/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading “[*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.”

mots noun US /mɑːts/

plural of “mot” — a clever remark

rendering noun US /ˈrendərɪŋ/

a performance of a musical composition or a dramatic role etc.

From this reading “[*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.”

All words in this reading · 45

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “Like a hair in a frost,” said Monsieur de Clagny.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

affectverbUS /əˈfekt/

have an effect upon

From this reading “So those are the airs you affect?”[*] retorted Lousteau.

airsnounUS /erz/

affected manners intended to impress others

From this reading “So those are the airs you affect?”[*] retorted Lousteau.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “So those are the airs you affect?”[*] retorted Lousteau.

chatoyer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the original, “Font chatoyer les _mots_.”

Clagny

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Like a hair in a frost,” said Monsieur de Clagny.

coherencenounUS /koʊˈhɪrəns/

the state of cohering or sticking together

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading “Like a hair in a frost,” said Monsieur de Clagny.

ditnoun

the shorter of the two telegraphic signals used in Morse code

From this reading “Et quelquefois les _morts_,” dit Monsieur de Clagny.

Et

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Et quelquefois les _morts_,” dit Monsieur de Clagny.

FontnounUS /fɑːnt/

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading In the original, “Font chatoyer les _mots_.”

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

frostnounUS /frɔːst/

ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)

From this reading “Like a hair in a frost,” said Monsieur de Clagny.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading “Like a hair in a frost,” said Monsieur de Clagny.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “Like a hair in a frost,” said Monsieur de Clagny.

intendedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪd/

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

lesnounUS /les/

plural of “le” — a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading In the original, “Font chatoyer les _mots_.”

LikeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading “Like a hair in a frost,” said Monsieur de Clagny.

linkverbUS /lɪŋk/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

Lousteau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “So those are the airs you affect?”[*] retorted Lousteau.

MonsieurnounUS /məˈsjɜːr/

used as a French courtesy title; equivalent to English “Mr”

From this reading “Like a hair in a frost,” said Monsieur de Clagny.

morts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Et quelquefois les _morts_,” dit Monsieur de Clagny.

motsnounUS /mɑːts/

plural of “mot” — a clever remark

From this reading In the original, “Font chatoyer les _mots_.”

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading In the original, “Font chatoyer les _mots_.”

quelquefois

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Et quelquefois les _morts_,” dit Monsieur de Clagny.

renderingnounUS /ˈrendərɪŋ/

a performance of a musical composition or a dramatic role etc.

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

resemblancenounUS /rɪˈzembləns/

similarity in appearance or external or superficial details

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

retortedverbUS /riˈtɔːrtɪd/

past form of “retort” — answer back

From this reading “So those are the airs you affect?”[*] retorted Lousteau.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “Like a hair in a frost,” said Monsieur de Clagny.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading “So those are the airs you affect?”[*] retorted Lousteau.

speechesnounUS /ˈspiːtʃəz/

plural of “speech” — the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “So those are the airs you affect?”[*] retorted Lousteau.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “So those are the airs you affect?”[*] retorted Lousteau.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading [*] The rendering given above is only intended to link the various speeches into coherence; it has no resemblance with the French.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “So those are the airs you affect?”[*] retorted Lousteau.

Chapter 10 of The Muse of the Department by Honoré de Balzac holds 131 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Muse of the Department contain?

Chapter 10 holds 131 sentences of The Muse of the Department, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Muse of the Department by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 131 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Muse of the Department?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Muse of the Department

Common questions about reading The Muse of the Department by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Muse of the Department?

Yes. All 2711 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1912 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Muse of the Department is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1912, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Muse of the Department take to read?

About 225 minutes of reading across 543 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Muse of the Department section by section

How to work through The Muse of the Department section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 19 chapters of The Muse of the Department to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Muse of the Department

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Muse of the Department, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Monsieur
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Muse of the Department; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Comte
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Muse of the Department; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ferdinand
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Muse of the Department; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gramont
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Muse of the Department; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.