1919
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
73
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
filled with fear or apprehension
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
alterationnounUS /ˌɔːltərˈeɪʃən/
an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
archæological
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
authoritiesnounUS /əˈθɔːrətiz/
the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
for the reason that
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/
the past participle of “be”
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
take the first step or steps in carrying out an action
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
to be able to, or to be allowed to
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/
plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/
act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
dismissverbUS /dɪˈsmɪs/
bar from attention or consideration
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
Dr
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
all through a period, or at some point within it
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
EasternounUS /ˈiːstər/
a Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
existingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/
presently existing
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
to a considerable degree; very much
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
come upon, as if by accident; meet with
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
people in general (often used in the plural)
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
generalisations
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
geologicaladjectiveUS /ˌdʒiːəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/
of or relating to or based on geology
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
Haddon
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/
the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
how
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
imperfectadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt/
not perfect; defective or inadequate
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
incompleteadjectiveUS /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːt/
not complete or total; not completed
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
indulgingnounUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒɪŋ/
the act of indulging or gratifying a desire
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
inhabitedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈhæbətəd/
having inhabitants; lived in
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
in place of, or as an alternative to
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
the land on which real estate is located
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
large or big relative to something else
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
go away from a place
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
liableadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪəbəl/
at risk of or subject to experiencing something usually unpleasant
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
LorenounUS /lɔːr/
knowledge gained through tradition or anecdote
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
produced by a manufacturing process
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
the act that results in something coming to be
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
used to say something is possible, or to give permission
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
not any; not one
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
and nothing more
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
belonging to the speaker and others
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
PacificnounUS /pəˈsɪfɪk/
the largest ocean in the world
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
something determined in relation to something that includes it
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
the time that has elapsed
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation of something
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
a point located with respect to surface features of some region
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
made ready or fit or suitable beforehand
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
an executive officer of a firm or corporation
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
problemsnounUS /ˈprɑːbləmz/
plural of “problem” — a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
gradual improvement or growth or development
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
progressedverbUS /prəˈɡrest/
past form of “progress” — develop in a positive way
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
be shown or be found to be
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
any object that is left unused or still extant
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
remoteadjectiveUS /rɪˈmoʊt/
located far away spatially
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
retraceverbUS /riˈtreɪs/
to go back over again
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
reviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/
a new appraisal or evaluation
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
saferadjectiveUS /ˈseɪfər/
comparative of “safe” — free from danger or the risk of harm
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
scientificadjectiveUS /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/
of or relating to the practice of science
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
solutionnounUS /səˈluːʃən/
a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently (but not necessarily) a liquid solution
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
a flight of stairs or a flight of steps
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
stupendousadjectiveUS /stuːˈpendəs/
so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
of the kind already mentioned
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
an idea that is suggested
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
surmisesnounUS /sərˈmaɪzɪz/
plural of “surmise” — a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
surviveverbUS /sərˈvaɪv/
continue to live and avoid dying
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/
understood in a certain way; made sense of
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
for that reason; as a result
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
from one end or side of something to the other
From this reading It is only through such generalisations that progress can be made._”—Dr. A. C. Haddon as President of the Folk Lore Society, 1919.
an instance or single occasion for some event
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
in the direction of
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
make an effort or attempt
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
not clearly expressed or understood
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
the speaker together with one or more other people
From this reading As we leave Easter Island, we pause to review our evidence and find how far we have progressed towards the solution of its problems.
any or all of a kind, it does not matter which
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
at the time that
From this reading We may dismiss the vague suggestion that the archæological remains in the island survive from the time when it was part of a larger mass of land.
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
in the company of; together with
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
everything that exists anywhere
From this reading Whatever may be the geological story of the Pacific, no scientific authorities are prepared to prove that such stupendous changes have taken place during the time which it has been inhabited by man.[73] Instead of indulging in surmises as to the state of the world in a remote past, it is safer to begin with existing conditions and try to retrace the steps of development.
but in spite of that
From this reading “_Do not be afraid of making generalisations because knowledge is as yet imperfect or incomplete, and they are therefore liable to alteration.
