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The Mythology of the British Islands
The Mythology of the British Islands

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Mythology of the British Islands is here in full — 69 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.
Even Gwydion son of Dôn had to serve his apprenticeship to misfortune.
Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.
Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.
It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Mythology of the British Islands

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Mythology of the British Islands is here in full — 69 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.
/ðə ˈvɪktəriz ʌv laɪt ˈoʊvər ˈdɑːrknəs ðə ˈpaʊərz ʌv laɪt wɜːr ˌhaʊˈevər baɪ noʊ miːnz ˌɪnˈveriəbli səkˈsesfəl ɪn ðer ˈstrʌɡəlz wɪð ðə ˈpaʊərz ʌv ˈdɑːrknəs/
Line 2
Even Gwydion son of Dôn had to serve his apprenticeship to misfortune.
Line 3
Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.
Line 4
Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.
Line 5
It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

agriculture noun US /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃər/

a large-scale farming enterprise

From this reading “Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.”

apprenticeship noun US /əˈprentəsʃɪp/

the position of apprentice

From this reading “Even Gwydion son of Dôn had to serve his apprenticeship to misfortune.”

Assailing verb US /əˈseɪlɪŋ/

-ing form of “assail” — attack someone physically or emotionally

From this reading “Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.”

Celtic adjective US /ˈseltɪk/

relating to or characteristic of the Celts

From this reading “Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.”

Hades noun US /ˈheɪdiz/

(Greek mythology) the god of the underworld in ancient mythology; brother of Zeus and husband of Persephone

From this reading “Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.”

myths noun US /mɪθs/

plural of “myth” — a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people

From this reading “Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.”

surviving adjective US /sərˈvaɪvɪŋ/

still in existence

From this reading “Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.”

underwent verb US /ˌʌndərˈwent/

inflected form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading “Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

popular tradition adjective + noun

In this reading “Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.”

spend a night verb + article + noun counted as “spend … night”

In this reading “Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.”

fought the Battle verb + article + noun counted as “fight … battle”

In this reading “Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.”

long imprisonment adjective + noun

In this reading “Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.”

natural enemies adjective + noun counted as “natural enemy”

In this reading “Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.”

Black Stone adjective + noun

In this reading “Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.”

struggles with verb + particle counted as “struggle with”

In this reading “THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.”

in the morning preposition + article + noun counted as “in … morning”

In this reading “Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.”

All words in this reading · 145

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

347

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

348

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

349

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

Achren

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

agriculturenounUS /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃər/

a large-scale farming enterprise

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

Amaethonnoun

the farmer god; ancient god of agriculture

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

Annwnnoun

(Welsh mythology) the other world; land of fairies

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

appearingnounUS /əˈpɪrɪŋ/

formal attendance (in court or at a hearing) of a party in an action

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

apprenticeshipnounUS /əˈprentəsʃɪp/

the position of apprentice

From this reading Even Gwydion son of Dôn had to serve his apprenticeship to misfortune.

Arddu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

ardournoun

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

AssailingverbUS /əˈseɪlɪŋ/

-ing form of “assail” — attack someone physically or emotionally

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

bardnounUS /bɑːrd/

a lyric poet

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

BattlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

BlackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

Cader

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

Caer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

CelticadjectiveUS /ˈseltɪk/

relating to or characteristic of the Celts

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

daresnounUS /derz/

plural of “dare” — a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

DARKNESSnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

describesverbUS /dɪˈskraɪbz/

third-person singular of “describe” — give a description of

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

Dôn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even Gwydion son of Dôn had to serve his apprenticeship to misfortune.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

enduredverbUS /enˈdjʊrd/

past form of “endure” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

episodenounUS /ˈepəsoʊd/

a happening that is distinctive in a series of related events

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

escapedadjectiveUS /ɪˈskeɪpt/

having escaped, especially from confinement

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even Gwydion son of Dôn had to serve his apprenticeship to misfortune.

exploitverbUS /ˈeksplɔɪt/

use or manipulate to one's advantage

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

GiantnounUS /ˈdʒaɪənt/

any creature of exceptional size

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

godnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

Godeu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

Gwydionnoun

Celtic sky god; a magician; giver of arts and civilization

From this reading Even Gwydion son of Dôn had to serve his apprenticeship to misfortune.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Even Gwydion son of Dôn had to serve his apprenticeship to misfortune.

HadesnounUS /ˈheɪdiz/

(Greek mythology) the god of the underworld in ancient mythology; brother of Zeus and husband of Persephone

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

hauntedadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːntɪd/

having or showing excessive or compulsive concern with something

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

HelpedverbUS /helpt/

past form of “help” — give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Even Gwydion son of Dôn had to serve his apprenticeship to misfortune.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

Idris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

imprisonmentnounUS /ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt/

putting someone in prison or in jail as lawful punishment

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

inspiredadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈspaɪərd/

being of such surpassing excellence as to suggest inspiration by the gods

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

invariablyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈveriəbli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

LIGHTadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

Llanberis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

Lleu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

madadjectiveUS /mæd/

roused to anger

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

Merionethshire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

misfortunenounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən/

unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading Even Gwydion son of Dôn had to serve his apprenticeship to misfortune.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

mythsnounUS /mɪθs/

plural of “myth” — a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

Ochren

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

OVERprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

poemnounUS /ˈpoʊəm/

a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

Pryderi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

Pwyll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

quenchedadjective

allayed

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

remarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading Even Gwydion son of Dôn had to serve his apprenticeship to misfortune.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

Sidi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

Snowdon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Even Gwydion son of Dôn had to serve his apprenticeship to misfortune.

spendverbUS /spend/

use up a period of time in a specific way

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

SpoilingnounUS /ˈspɔɪlɪŋ/

the process of becoming spoiled

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

StonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

strugglesnounUS /ˈstrʌɡəlz/

plural of “struggle” — an energetic attempt to achieve something

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

sufferingsnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋz/

plural of “suffering” — a state of acute pain

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

summitnounUS /ˈsʌmət/

the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

survivingadjectiveUS /sərˈvaɪvɪŋ/

still in existence

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

titlesnounUS /ˈtaɪtəlz/

plural of “title” — a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Even Gwydion son of Dôn had to serve his apprenticeship to misfortune.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

traditionnounUS /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

TreesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Helped by his brother, Amaethon, god of agriculture, and his son, Lleu, he fought the Battle of Godeu, or “the Trees”, an exploit which is not the least curious of Celtic myths.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

underwentverbUS /ˌʌndərˈwent/

inflected form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

VICTORIESnounUS /ˈvɪktəriz/

plural of “victory” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

WelshnounUS /weltʃ/

a native or resident of Wales

From this reading It is known also as the Battle of Achren, or Ochren, a name for Hades of unknown meaning, but appearing again in the remarkable Welsh poem which describes the “Spoiling of Annwn” by Arthur.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

whoever

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Assailing Caer Sidi—Hades[347] under one of its many titles,—he was caught by Pwyll and Pryderi, and endured a long imprisonment.[348] The sufferings he underwent made him a bard—an ancient Celtic idea which one can still see surviving in the popular tradition that whoever dares to spend a night alone either upon the chair of the Giant Idris (the summit of Cader Idris, in Merionethshire), or under the haunted Black Stone of Arddu, upon the Llanberis side of Snowdon, will be found in the morning either inspired or mad.[349] How he escaped we are not told; but the episode does not seem to have quenched his ardour against the natural enemies of his kind.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE VICTORIES OF LIGHT OVER DARKNESS The powers of light were, however, by no means invariably successful in their struggles with the powers of darkness.

Chapter 21 of The Mythology of the British Islands by Charles Squire holds 69 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Mythology of the British Islands contain?

Chapter 21 holds 69 sentences of The Mythology of the British Islands, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Mythology of the British Islands by Charles Squire exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 69 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Mythology of the British Islands?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Common questions about reading The Mythology of the British Islands by Charles Squire on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Mythology of the British Islands?

Yes. All 4777 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54616 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #54616, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Mythology of the British Islands take to read?

About 398 minutes of reading across 956 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Mythology of the British Islands

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Mythology of the British Islands, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mythology of the British Islands; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Believes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mythology of the British Islands; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Attempt
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mythology of the British Islands; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Mythology of the British Islands; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.