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The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1
The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 is here in full — 28 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SELBORNE, _July 27th_, 1768.
Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.
A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.
This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.
This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 is here in full — 28 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SELBORNE, _July 27th_, 1768.
Line 2
Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.
Line 3
A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.
Line 4
This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.
Line 5
This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brooks noun US /brʊks/

United States literary critic and historian (1886-1963)

From this reading “A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.”

bull's noun US /bʊlz/

possessive form of “bull” — uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading “This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.”

communicative adjective US /kəˈmjuːnəkətɪv/

of or relating to communication

From this reading “Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.”

earthen adjective US /ˈɜːrθən/

made of earth (or baked clay)

From this reading “This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.”

females noun US /ˈfiːmeɪlz/

plural of “female” — an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes

From this reading “This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.”

minnows noun US /ˈmɪnoʊz/

plural of “minnow” — very small European freshwater fish common in gravelly streams

From this reading “This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.”

queries noun US /ˈkwɪriz/

plural of “query” — an instance of questioning

From this reading “Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.”

spawn verb US /spɑːn/

call forth

From this reading “This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1768

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SELBORNE, _July 27th_, 1768.

27

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SELBORNE, _July 27th_, 1768.

28th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

aculeatus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

basketnounUS /ˈbæskət/

a container that is usually woven and has handles

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

brooksnounUS /brʊks/

United States literary critic and historian (1886-1963)

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

bull'snounUS /bʊlz/

possessive form of “bull” — uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

communicativeadjectiveUS /kəˈmjuːnəkətɪv/

of or relating to communication

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

DearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

earthenadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrθən/

made of earth (or baked clay)

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

femaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

femalesnounUS /ˈfiːmeɪlz/

plural of “female” — an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

fishnounUS /fɪʃ/

any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

FleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

gasterosteusnoun

type genus of the family Gasterosteidae

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

gentleman'snounUS /ˈdʒentəlmʌnz/

possessive form of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading SELBORNE, _July 27th_, 1768.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

lamperns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

leisurenounUS /ˈleʒər/

time available for ease and relaxation

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

malenounUS /meɪl/

an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

Mazel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

minnowsnounUS /ˈmɪnoʊz/

plural of “minnow” — very small European freshwater fish common in gravelly streams

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

mossnounUS /mɔːs/

tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

obligingadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒɪŋ/

showing a cheerful willingness to do favors for others

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

packedadjectiveUS /pækt/

extremely crowed or filled to capacity

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

plentynounUS /ˈplenti/

a full supply

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

potnounUS /pɑːt/

metal or earthenware cooking vessel that is usually round and deep; often has a handle and lid

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

procureverbUS /proʊˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

pungitius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

queriesnounUS /ˈkwɪriz/

plural of “query” — an instance of questioning

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

resolveverbUS /riˈzɑːlv/

bring to an end; settle conclusively

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

searchedverbUS /sɜːrtʃt/

past form of “search” — try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

SELBORNE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SELBORNE, _July 27th_, 1768.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

spawnverbUS /spɑːn/

call forth

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

sticklebacks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading A person, by my order, has searched our brooks, but could find no such fish as the _gasterosteus pungitius_; he found the _gasterosteus aculeatus_ in plenty.

thnounUS /ˈtiːˈeɪtʃ/

the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day

From this reading SELBORNE, _July 27th_, 1768.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

to-morrow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

wetadjectiveUS /wet/

covered or soaked with a liquid such as water

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading This basket will be in Fleet Street by eight this evening; so I hope Mazel will have them fresh and fair to-morrow morning.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading This morning, in a basket, I packed a little earthen pot full of wet moss, and in it some sticklebacks, male and female, the females big with spawn; some lamperns; some bull's heads; but I could procure no minnows.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Dear Sir,--I received your obliging and communicative letter of June 28th, while I was on a visit at a gentleman's house, where I had neither books to turn to nor leisure to sit down, to return you an answer to many queries, which I wanted to resolve in the best manner that I am able.

Chapter 13 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 by Gilbert White holds 28 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 13 holds 28 sentences of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 by Gilbert White exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 28 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1

Common questions about reading The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 by Gilbert White on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1?

Yes. All 1583 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #20933 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #20933, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 take to read?

About 131 minutes of reading across 317 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Parish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Selborne
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Extreme
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eastern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.