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The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1
The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 is here in full — 38 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SELBORNE, _Feb.
22nd_, 1770.
Dear Sir,--Hedgehogs abound in my gardens and fields.
The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.
In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 is here in full — 38 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SELBORNE, _Feb.
Line 2
22nd_, 1770.
Line 3
Dear Sir,--Hedgehogs abound in my gardens and fields.
Line 4
The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.
Line 5
In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.
/ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspekt ðeɪ ɑːr ˈsɜːrvəsəbəl æz ðeɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ə ˈveri ˈtrʌbəlsəm wiːd bʌt ðeɪ dɪˈfeɪs ðə wɔːks ɪn sʌm ˈmeʒər baɪ ˈdɪɡɪŋ ˈlɪtəl raʊnd hoʊlz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abound verb US /əˈbaʊnd/

be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities

From this reading “Dear Sir,--Hedgehogs abound in my gardens and fields.”

deface verb US /dɪˈfeɪs/

mar or spoil the appearance of

From this reading “In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.”

Feb noun US /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

Hedgehogs noun US /ˈhedʒhɑːɡz/

plural of “hedgehog” — relatively large rodents with sharp erectile bristles mingled with the fur

From this reading “Dear Sir,--Hedgehogs abound in my gardens and fields.”

mandible noun US /ˈmændəbəl/

the jaw in vertebrates that is hinged to open the mouth

From this reading “The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.”

plantain noun US /ˈplæntən/

any of numerous plants of the genus Plantago; mostly small roadside or dooryard weeds with elliptic leaves and small spikes of very small flowers; seeds of some used medicinally

From this reading “The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.”

serviceable adjective US /ˈsɜːrvəsəbəl/

ready for service or able to give long service

From this reading “In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.”

tuft noun US /tʌft/

a bunch of hair or feathers or growing grass

From this reading “The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1770

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 22nd_, 1770.

22

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 22nd_, 1770.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

aboundverbUS /əˈbaʊnd/

be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities

From this reading Dear Sir,--Hedgehogs abound in my gardens and fields.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Dear Sir,--Hedgehogs abound in my gardens and fields.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

DearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading Dear Sir,--Hedgehogs abound in my gardens and fields.

defaceverbUS /dɪˈfeɪs/

mar or spoil the appearance of

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

destroyverbUS /dɪˈstrɔɪ/

do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

diggingnounUS /ˈdɪɡɪŋ/

the act of digging

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

FebnounUS /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

From this reading SELBORNE, _Feb.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading Dear Sir,--Hedgehogs abound in my gardens and fields.

gardensnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading Dear Sir,--Hedgehogs abound in my gardens and fields.

grass-walks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

HedgehogsnounUS /ˈhedʒhɑːɡz/

plural of “hedgehog” — relatively large rodents with sharp erectile bristles mingled with the fur

From this reading Dear Sir,--Hedgehogs abound in my gardens and fields.

holesnounUS /hoʊlz/

plural of “hole” — an opening into or through something

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Dear Sir,--Hedgehogs abound in my gardens and fields.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

mandiblenounUS /ˈmændəbəl/

the jaw in vertebrates that is hinged to open the mouth

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Dear Sir,--Hedgehogs abound in my gardens and fields.

ndnoun

a yellow trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs in monazite and bastnasite in association with cerium and lanthanum and praseodymium

From this reading 22nd_, 1770.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

plantverbUS /plænt/

put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

plantainnounUS /ˈplæntən/

any of numerous plants of the genus Plantago; mostly small roadside or dooryard weeds with elliptic leaves and small spikes of very small flowers; seeds of some used medicinally

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

rootnounUS /ruːt/

(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

rootsnounUS /ruːts/

the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

SELBORNE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SELBORNE, _Feb.

serviceableadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrvəsəbəl/

ready for service or able to give long service

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Dear Sir,--Hedgehogs abound in my gardens and fields.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

troublesomeadjectiveUS /ˈtrʌbəlsəm/

causing difficulty or annoyance

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

tuftnounUS /tʌft/

a bunch of hair or feathers or growing grass

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

untouchedadjectiveUS /ənˈtʌtʃt/

still full

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

upwardsadverbUS /ˈʌpwərdz/

spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

walksnounUS /wɔːks/

plural of “walk” — the act of traveling by foot

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

weednounUS /wiːd/

any plant that crowds out cultivated plants

From this reading In this respect they are serviceable, as they destroy a very troublesome weed; but they deface the walks in some measure by digging little round holes.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The manner in which they eat the roots of the plantain in my grass-walks is very curious; with their upper mandible, which is much longer than their lower, they bore under the plant, and so eat the root off upwards, leaving the tuft of leaves untouched.

Chapter 19 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 by Gilbert White holds 38 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 19 holds 38 sentences of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 by Gilbert White exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 38 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1

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Project Gutenberg eBook #20933, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 131 minutes of reading across 317 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Parish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Selborne
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Extreme
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eastern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.