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The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1
The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 is here in full — 43 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.
In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.
The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.
The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.
When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 is here in full — 43 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.
Line 2
In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.
/ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ʌv ðə mʌnθ ʌv dʒuːn ə boʊld bɔɪ klaɪmd ðɪs triː ðoʊ ˈstændɪŋ ɑːn soʊ stiːp ənd ˈdɪzi ə ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən ənd brɔːt daʊn æn eɡ ðə ˈoʊnli wʌn ɪn ðə nest wɪtʃ hæd bɪn sæt ɑːn fɔːr sʌm taɪm ənd kənˈteɪnd ðə ˈembrioʊ ʌv ə jʌŋ bɜːrd/
Line 3
The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.
/ðə eɡ wɑːz ˈsmɔːlər ənd nɑːt soʊ raʊnd æz ðoʊz ʌv ðə ˈkɑːmən ˈbʌzərd wɑːz ˈdɑːtəd æt iːtʃ end wɪð smɔːl red spɑːts ənd sərˈaʊndɪd ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl wɪð ə brɔːd ˈblʌdi zoʊn/
Line 4
The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.
Line 5
When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beech noun US /biːtʃ/

any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth grey bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; north temperate regions

From this reading “A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.”

buzzard noun US /ˈbʌzərd/

a New World vulture that is common in South America and Central America and the southern United States

From this reading “The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.”

dotted adjective US /ˈdɑːtəd/

having a pattern of dots

From this reading “The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.”

embryo noun US /ˈembrioʊ/

(botany) a minute rudimentary plant contained within a seed or an archegonium

From this reading “In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.”

Hanger noun US /ˈhæŋər/

a worker who hangs something

From this reading “A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.”

Ray's noun US /reɪz/

possessive form of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading “The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.”

twigs noun US /twɪɡz/

plural of “twig” — a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year

From this reading “A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.”

zone noun US /zoʊn/

a locally circumscribed place characterized by some distinctive features

From this reading “The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.”

All words in this reading · 116

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1780

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

answeredverbUS /ˈænsərd/

past form of “answer” — react verbally

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

beechnounUS /biːtʃ/

any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth grey bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; north temperate regions

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

beechenadjective

consisting of or made of wood of the beech tree

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

bloodyadjectiveUS /ˈblʌdi/

having or covered with or accompanied by blood

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

bluntadjectiveUS /blʌnt/

having a broad or rounded end

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

Buteonoun

broad-winged soaring hawks

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

buzzardnounUS /ˈbʌzərd/

a New World vulture that is common in South America and Central America and the southern United States

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

cerenoun

the fleshy, waxy covering at the base of the upper beak of some birds

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

climbedverbUS /klaɪmd/

past form of “climb” — go upward with gradual or continuous progress

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

containedadjectiveUS /kənˈteɪnd/

gotten under control

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

dizzyadjectiveUS /ˈdɪzi/

having or causing a whirling sensation; liable to falling

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

dottedadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːtəd/

having a pattern of dots

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

eggnounUS /eɡ/

animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

embryonounUS /ˈembrioʊ/

(botany) a minute rudimentary plant contained within a seed or an archegonium

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

HangernounUS /ˈhæŋər/

a worker who hangs something

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

hawk-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

hennounUS /hen/

adult female chicken

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

honey-buzzards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

legsnounUS /leɡz/

staying power

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

linedadjectiveUS /laɪnd/

bordered by a line of things

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

nestnounUS /nest/

a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

opivorus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

pairnounUS /per/

a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

Raii

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

Ray'snounUS /reɪz/

possessive form of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

Selborne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

shallowadjectiveUS /ˈʃæloʊ/

lacking physical depth; having little spatial extension downward or inward from an outer surface or backward or outward from a center

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

shotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

sive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

slenderadjectiveUS /ˈslendər/

being of delicate or slender build

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

spotsnounUS /spɑːts/

spots before the eyes caused by opaque cell fragments in the vitreous humor and lens

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

tailnounUS /teɪl/

the posterior part of the body of a vertebrate especially when elongated and extending beyond the trunk or main part of the body

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The hen bird was shot, and answered exactly to Mr. Ray's description of that species; had a black cere, short thick legs, and a long tail.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

twigsnounUS /twɪɡz/

plural of “twig” — a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

Vespivorus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

wingnounUS /wɪŋ/

a movable organ for flying (one of a pair)

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading When on the wing this species may be easily distinguished from the common buzzard by its hawk-like appearance, small head, wings not so blunt, and longer tail.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A pair of honey-buzzards, _Buteo opivorus_, _sive Vespivorus Raii_, built them a large shallow nest, composed of twigs and lined with dead beechen leaves, upon a tall, slender beech near the middle of Selborne Hanger, in the summer of 1780.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading In the middle of the month of June a bold boy climbed this tree though standing on so steep and dizzy a situation, and brought down an egg, the only one in the nest, which had been sat on for some time, and contained the embryo of a young bird.

zonenounUS /zoʊn/

a locally circumscribed place characterized by some distinctive features

From this reading The egg was smaller, and not so round as those of the common buzzard; was dotted at each end with small red spots, and surrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone.

Chapter 30 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 by Gilbert White holds 43 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 30 holds 43 sentences of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 by Gilbert White exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 43 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1

Common questions about reading The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 by Gilbert White on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1?

Yes. All 1583 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #20933 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #20933, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 take to read?

About 131 minutes of reading across 317 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Parish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Selborne
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Extreme
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eastern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.