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The Natural History of the Gent
The Natural History of the Gent

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Natural History of the Gent is here in full — 29 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OF THE GENT WHO GOES TO THE RACES.
THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.
He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”
But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.
As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Natural History of the Gent

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Natural History of the Gent is here in full — 29 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OF THE GENT WHO GOES TO THE RACES.
/ʌv ðə dʒent huː ɡoʊz tuː ðə ˈreɪsəz/
Line 2
THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.
Line 3
He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”
/hiː noʊz ˈnʌθɪŋ ɪn ðə wɜːrld əˈbaʊt ðə ˈrʌnɪŋ nɔːr ˌɪnˈdiːd dʌz hiː ker mʌtʃ əˈbaʊt ɪt bɪˈɑːnd ðə ˈmænər ɪn wɪtʃ ɪt meɪ əˈfekt ə tʃæns hiː hæz ɪn ə ˈdɜːrbi swiːp/
Line 4
But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.
/bʌt hiː θɪŋks ðə fækt ʌv ˈbiːɪŋ siːn ðer ɡɪvz hɪm ə pəˈzɪʃən ɪn səˈsaɪəti ənd hiː wʊd nɑːt mɪs ðə ˈreɪsəz fɔːr ˈeni θɪŋ/
Line 5
As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.
/æz ðə dʒent huː ɡoʊz tuː ðə ˈreɪsəz ɪz ˈkloʊsli əˈlaɪd tuː ðə dʒent wiː sɔː æt ðə naɪt ˈtævərnz wiː wɪl dɪˈskraɪb hɪm ɪn ðə seɪm ˈfæʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affect verb US /əˈfekt/

have an effect upon

From this reading “He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.””

allied adjective US /əˈlaɪd/

related by common characteristics or ancestry

From this reading “As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.”

confounded adjective US /kənˈfaʊndɪd/

perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements; filled with bewilderment

From this reading “THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.”

Derby noun US /ˈdɜːrbi/

a felt hat that is round and hard with a narrow brim

From this reading “He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.””

gent noun US /dʒent/

informal abbreviation of “gentleman”

From this reading “OF THE GENT WHO GOES TO THE RACES.”

races noun US /ˈreɪsəz/

plural of “race” — any competition

From this reading “OF THE GENT WHO GOES TO THE RACES.”

Sporting adjective US /ˈspɔːrtɪŋ/

exhibiting or calling for sportsmanship or fair play

From this reading “THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.”

taverns noun US /ˈtævərnz/

plural of “tavern” — a building with a bar that is licensed to sell alcoholic drinks

From this reading “As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

closely allied adverb + adjective

In this reading “As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.”

any thing adjective + noun

In this reading “But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.”

same fashion adjective + noun

In this reading “As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.”

in the world preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.””

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

affectverbUS /əˈfekt/

have an effect upon

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

alliedadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪd/

related by common characteristics or ancestry

From this reading As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

by-and-bynoun

an indefinite time in the future

From this reading THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.

confoundedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaʊndɪd/

perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements; filled with bewilderment

From this reading THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.

DerbynounUS /ˈdɜːrbi/

a felt hat that is round and hard with a narrow brim

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

describeverbUS /dɪˈskraɪb/

give a description of

From this reading As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

GENTnounUS /dʒent/

informal abbreviation of “gentleman”

From this reading OF THE GENT WHO GOES TO THE RACES.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

GOESnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading OF THE GENT WHO GOES TO THE RACES.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.

missverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF THE GENT WHO GOES TO THE RACES.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

RACESnounUS /ˈreɪsəz/

plural of “race” — any competition

From this reading OF THE GENT WHO GOES TO THE RACES.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.

SportingadjectiveUS /ˈspɔːrtɪŋ/

exhibiting or calling for sportsmanship or fair play

From this reading THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.

SweepverbUS /swiːp/

sweep across or over

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

tavernsnounUS /ˈtævərnz/

plural of “tavern” — a building with a bar that is licensed to sell alcoholic drinks

From this reading As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OF THE GENT WHO GOES TO THE RACES.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

thinksnounUS /θɪŋks/

plural of “think” — an instance of deliberate thinking

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading OF THE GENT WHO GOES TO THE RACES.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

WHOpronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading OF THE GENT WHO GOES TO THE RACES.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading As the Gent who goes to the races is closely allied to the Gent we saw at the night taverns, we will describe him in the same fashion.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE Gent who goes to the races must not be confounded with the Sporting Gent, of whom we may speak by-and-by.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading He knows nothing in the world about the running, nor indeed does he care much about it, beyond the manner in which it may affect a chance he has in a “Derby Sweep.”

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading But he thinks the fact of being seen there gives him a position in society, and he would not miss the races for any thing.

Chapter 8 of The Natural History of the Gent by Albert Smith holds 29 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Natural History of the Gent contain?

Chapter 8 holds 29 sentences of The Natural History of the Gent, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Natural History of the Gent by Albert Smith exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 29 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Natural History of the Gent?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Natural History of the Gent

Common questions about reading The Natural History of the Gent by Albert Smith on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Natural History of the Gent?

Yes. All 435 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66323 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Natural History of the Gent is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #66323, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Natural History of the Gent take to read?

About 36 minutes of reading across 87 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Natural History of the Gent section by section

How to work through The Natural History of the Gent section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in The Natural History of the Gent

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Natural History of the Gent, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Albert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of the Gent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smith
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of the Gent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
David
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of the Gent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bogue
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Natural History of the Gent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.