Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Negro in American fiction
The Negro in American fiction

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Negro in American fiction is here in full — 242 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Negro in American fiction
Context Illustration Reading 1/48 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”
It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”
In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.
In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.
The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Negro in American fiction

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Negro in American fiction is here in full — 242 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/48 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”
Line 2
It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”
Line 3
In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.
Line 4
In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.
/ɪn əˈdɪʃən tuː ðə ˈpæmfləts struːn ɑːn ðə ˈweɪsaɪd ðə ˈpɑːrlər ðə steɪdʒ koʊtʃ ðə reɪl kɑːr ənd ðə boʊt dek sleɪv ˈnærətɪvz bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈlɪtəreri ˈwepən/
Line 5
The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abolitionists noun US /ˌæbəˈlɪʃənəsts/

plural of “abolitionist” — a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

From this reading “The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).”

biographies noun US /baɪˈɑːɡrəfiz/

plural of “biography” — an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading “The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).”

fictionalized verb US /ˈfɪkʃənəlaɪzd/

past form of “fictionalize” — make into fiction

From this reading “The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).”

Hopper's noun US /ˈhɑːpərz/

possessive form of “hopper” — funnel-shaped receptacle; contents pass by gravity into a receptacle below

intrigued verb US /ˈɪntriɡd/

past form of “intrigue” — cause to be interested or curious

From this reading “The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).”

Liberator noun US /ˈlɪbɜːreɪtər/

someone who releases people from captivity or bondage

thirties noun US /ˈθɜːrtiz/

the time of life between 30 and 40

From this reading “It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.””

Turner's noun US /ˈtɜːrnərz/

possessive form of “turner” — United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia; he was captured and executed (1800-1831)

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eighteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.””

runaway slave noun + noun

In this reading “The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).”

fugitive slaves noun + noun counted as “fugitive slave”

In this reading “The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).”

full force adjective + noun

In this reading “It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.””

In addition preposition + noun

In this reading “In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.”

All words in this reading · 122

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1831

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

1838

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

abolitionistsnounUS /ˌæbəˈlɪʃənəsts/

plural of “abolitionist” — a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

additionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

a component that is added to something to improve it

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

AdventuresnounUS /ædˈventʃərz/

plural of “adventure” — a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

ANTISLAVERY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

AttitudenounUS /ˈætətuːd/

a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

attributedverbUS /əˈtrɪbjətɪd/

past form of “attribute” — attribute or credit to

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

BallnounUS /bɔːl/

round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

biographiesnounUS /baɪˈɑːɡrəfiz/

plural of “biography” — an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

BlackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

boatnounUS /boʊt/

a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

carnounUS /kɑːr/

a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

coachverbUS /koʊtʃ/

teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

colonialadjectiveUS /kəˈloʊniəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

crusadenounUS /kruːˈseɪd/

a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

decknounUS /dek/

any of various platforms built into a vessel

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

degradingadjectiveUS /dɪˈɡreɪdɪŋ/

harmful to the mind or morals

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

denouncedverbUS /dɪˈnaʊnst/

past form of “denounce” — speak out against

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

despotismnounUS /ˈdespətɪzəm/

dominance through threat of punishment and violence

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

eighteenadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːn/

being one more than seventeen

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

experiencesnounUS /ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz/

plural of “experience” — the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

FICTIONnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

fictionalizedverbUS /ˈfɪkʃənəlaɪzd/

past form of “fictionalize” — make into fiction

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

fugitivenounUS /ˈfjuːdʒətɪv/

someone who flees from an uncongenial situation

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

GarrisonnounUS /ˈɡærɪsən/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

GrowthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

honorableadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnərəbəl/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

Hopper'snounUS /ˈhɑːpərz/

possessive form of “hopper” — funnel-shaped receptacle; contents pass by gravity into a receptacle below

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

intriguedverbUS /ˈɪntriɡd/

past form of “intrigue” — cause to be interested or curious

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

IsaacnounUS /ˈaɪzək/

(Old Testament) the second patriarch; son of Abraham and Sarah who was offered by Abraham as a sacrifice to God; father of Jacob and Esau

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

LiberatornounUS /ˈlɪbɜːreɪtər/

someone who releases people from captivity or bondage

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

LloydnounUS /lɔɪd/

United States comic actor in silent films; he used physical danger as a source of comedy (1893-1971)

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

MannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

NarrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

narrativesnounUS /ˈnærətɪvz/

plural of “narrative” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

Nat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

newspapernounUS /ˈnuːzpeɪpər/

a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

oppositionnounUS /ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃən/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

OppressionnounUS /əˈpreʃən/

the act of subjugating by cruelty

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

pamphletsnounUS /ˈpæmfləts/

plural of “pamphlet” — a small book usually having a paper cover

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

parlornounUS /ˈpɑːrlər/

reception room in an inn or club where visitors can be received

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

railnounUS /reɪl/

a barrier consisting of a horizontal bar and supports

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

RecollectionsnounUS /ˌrekəˈlekʃənz/

plural of “recollection” — the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

resistancenounUS /rɪˈzɪstəns/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

revoltnounUS /rɪˈvoʊlt/

organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

runawaynounUS /ˈrʌnəweɪ/

an easy victory

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

sketchesnounUS /ˈsketʃəz/

plural of “sketch” — preliminary drawing for later elaboration

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

slavenounUS /sleɪv/

a person who is owned by someone

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

slaverynounUS /ˈsleɪvəri/

the state of being under the control of another person

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

SocietynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

strewnverbUS /struːn/

inflected form of “strew” — spread by scattering ("straw" is archaic)

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

submissivenessnoun

the trait of being willing to yield to the will of another person or a superior force etc.

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

TalesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

thirtiesnounUS /ˈθɜːrtiz/

the time of life between 30 and 40

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

Turner'snounUS /ˈtɜːrnərz/

possessive form of “turner” — United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia; he was captured and executed (1800-1831)

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

unremittingadjectiveUS /ˌʌnrɪˈmɪtɪŋ/

uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

voicesnounUS /ˈvɔɪsəz/

plural of “voice” — the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was not until the eighteen thirties, however, that the antislavery crusade took on full force, moving “from resistance to the slave power ... to death to slavery.”

waysidenounUS /ˈweɪsaɪd/

edge of a way or road or path

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

weaponnounUS /ˈwepən/

any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading In addition to the pamphlets strewn on “the wayside, the parlor, the stage coach, the rail car and the boat deck,” slave narratives became a literary weapon.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading ANTISLAVERY FICTION _Growth of the Attitude._ The opposition to slavery, which began almost as soon as the first slaves were brought here, found literary expression in colonial times and especially in the eighteenth century, when honorable voices denounced slavery as “the most unremitting despotism on the one hand, and degrading submissiveness on the other.”

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

WilliamsnounUS /ˈwɪljəmz/

United States country singer and songwriter (1923-1953)

From this reading The experiences of fugitive slaves intrigued abolitionists who took down their stories, sometimes for newspaper sketches such as Isaac Hopper’s _Tales of Oppression_, and sometimes for fictionalized biographies such as _A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man_ (1838), _Recollections of Slavery_ (attributed to a runaway slave, 1838) and _The Narrative of James Williams_ (1838).

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading In 1831, the year of Nat Turner’s famous revolt, the Antislavery Society was established, and William Lloyd Garrison published the first number of his _Liberator_.

Chapter 4 of The Negro in American fiction by Sterling A. Brown holds 242 sentences, grouped into 49 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Negro in American fiction contain?

Chapter 4 holds 242 sentences of The Negro in American fiction, unabridged, divided into 49 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Negro in American fiction by Sterling A. Brown exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 242 sentences, grouped into 49 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Negro in American fiction?

Work through the 49 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 49 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Negro in American fiction

Common questions about reading The Negro in American fiction by Sterling A. Brown on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Negro in American fiction?

Yes. All 3099 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71171 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Negro in American fiction is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71171, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Negro in American fiction take to read?

About 258 minutes of reading across 620 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Negro in American fiction section by section

How to work through The Negro in American fiction section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of The Negro in American fiction to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Negro in American fiction

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Negro in American fiction, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Kennikat
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Negro in American fiction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Press
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Negro in American fiction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Washington
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Negro in American fiction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bronze
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Negro in American fiction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.