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The Nether World
The Nether World

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Nether World is here in full — 196 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
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PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether worlda subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatmentit will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.
Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.
Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!
The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-toutinnumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.
And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Nether World

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Nether World is here in full — 196 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether worlda subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatmentit will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.
Line 2
Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.
/iːtʃ ʌv ðiːz ˈɔːrdərz wʊd ɪt ɪz ˈɑːbviəs ˈɔːfər mʌtʃ skoʊp tuː æn ˈænəlɪst dɪˈlaɪtɪŋ ɪn ˈsʌtəl ɡreɪˈdeɪʃən/
Line 3
Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!
Line 4
The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-toutinnumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.
Line 5
And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adapts verb US /əˈdæpts/

third-person singular of “adapt” — make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose

From this reading “PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.”

analyst noun US /ˈænəlɪst/

someone who is skilled at analyzing data

From this reading “Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.”

classification noun US /ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type

From this reading “PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.”

delighting verb US /dɪˈlaɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “delight” — give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading “Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.”

discriminate verb US /dɪˈskrɪməneɪt/

recognize or perceive the difference

From this reading “Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!”

gradation noun US /ɡreɪˈdeɪʃən/

relative position in a graded series

From this reading “Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.”

ugliest adjective US /ˈʌɡliəst/

superlative of “ugly” — displeasing to the senses

From this reading “And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.”

unskilled adjective US /ənˈskɪld/

not having or showing or requiring special skill or proficiency

From this reading “The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-tout—innumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.”

All words in this reading · 124

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

adaptsverbUS /əˈdæpts/

third-person singular of “adapt” — make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

adornverbUS /əˈdɔːrn/

make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.

analystnounUS /ˈænəlɪst/

someone who is skilled at analyzing data

From this reading Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

aristocraticadjectiveUS /ərˌɪstəˈkrætɪk/

belonging to or characteristic of the nobility or aristocracy

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

articlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

attachedadjectiveUS /əˈtætʃt/

being joined in close association

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

attirenounUS /əˈtaɪər/

clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

broadlyadverbUS /ˈbrɔːdli/

without regard to specific details or exceptions

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

cab-tout

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-tout—innumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.

CANDYnounUS /ˈkændi/

a rich sweet made of flavored sugar and often combined with fruit or nuts

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

classificationnounUS /ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

climatenounUS /ˈklaɪmət/

the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

collarnounUS /ˈkɑːlər/

a band that fits around the neck and is usually folded over

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

collarlessadjective

without a collar

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

collarsnounUS /ˈkɑːlərz/

plural of “collar” — a band that fits around the neck and is usually folded over

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

convenientadjectiveUS /kənˈviːnjənt/

suited to your comfort or purpose or needs

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

costermongernoun

a hawker of fruit and vegetables from a barrow

From this reading The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-tout—innumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.

delightingverbUS /dɪˈlaɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “delight” — give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.

discriminateverbUS /dɪˈskrɪməneɪt/

recognize or perceive the difference

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

distinguishverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

mark as different

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

EachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.

eminentlyadverbUS /ˈemənəntli/

in an eminent manner

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

flannelnounUS /ˈflænəl/

a soft light woolen fabric; used for clothing

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

foldnounUS /foʊld/

an angular or rounded shape made by folding

From this reading The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-tout—innumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

gapnounUS /ɡæp/

a conspicuous disparity or difference as between two figures

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

gracefullyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪsfəli/

in a graceful manner

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

gradationnounUS /ɡreɪˈdeɪʃən/

relative position in a graded series

From this reading Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/

past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

innumerableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-tout—innumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

knotnounUS /nɑːt/

a tight cluster of people or things

From this reading The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-tout—innumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-tout—innumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.

linennounUS /ˈlɪnən/

a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

malesnounUS /meɪlz/

plural of “male” — an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

mechanicnounUS /məˈkænɪk/

a craftsman skilled in operating machine tools

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

modenounUS /moʊd/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.

navvynoun

a laborer who is obliged to do menial work

From this reading The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-tout—innumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

neck-encloser

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

neckclothnoun

an ornamental white cravat

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

netheradjectiveUS /ˈneðər/

lower

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

nobleradjectiveUS /ˈnoʊblər/

comparative of “noble” — impressive in appearance

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-tout—innumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.

obviousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːbviəs/

easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind

From this reading Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

offerverbUS /ˈɔːfər/

make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

PENNYLOAF

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

picturesqueadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərəsk/

suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

ranksnounUS /ræŋks/

plural of “rank” — a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-tout—innumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.

referencenounUS /ˈrefərəns/

a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

rendersnounUS /ˈrendərz/

plural of “render” — a substance similar to stucco but exclusively applied to masonry walls

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

sanctionnounUS /ˈsæŋkʃən/

formal and explicit approval

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

scaffolder

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-tout—innumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.

scopenounUS /skoʊp/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.

sectionsnounUS /ˈsekʃənz/

plural of “section” — a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

shirtnounUS /ʃɜːrt/

a garment worn on the upper half of the body

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

shopman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

shrewdlyadverbUS /ˈʃruːdli/

in a shrewd manner

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

sportiveadjective

relating to or interested in sports

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

stationnounUS /ˈsteɪʃən/

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

substituteverbUS /ˈsʌbstətuːt/

put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

subtleadjectiveUS /ˈsʌtəl/

difficult to detect or grasp by the mind or analyze

From this reading Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.

symbolnounUS /ˈsɪmbəl/

an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

TakingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading Taking the collarless, how shrewdly might one discriminate between the many kinds of neckcloth which our climate renders necessary as a substitute for the nobler article of attire!

texturenounUS /ˈtekstʃər/

the feel of a surface or a fabric

From this reading The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-tout—innumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

tienounUS /taɪ/

neckwear consisting of a long narrow piece of material worn (mostly by men) under a collar and tied in knot at the front

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

treatmentnounUS /ˈtriːtmənt/

care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

ugliestadjectiveUS /ˈʌɡliəst/

superlative of “ugly” — displeasing to the senses

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

unskilledadjectiveUS /ənˈskɪld/

not having or showing or requiring special skill or proficiency

From this reading The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-tout—innumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.

varietiesnounUS /vərˈaɪətiz/

plural of “variety” — a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading The navvy, the scaffolder, the costermonger, the cab-tout—innumerable would be the varieties of texture, of fold, of knot, observed in the ranks of unskilled labour.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

voguenounUS /voʊɡ/

the popular taste at a given time

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

wearverbUS /wer/

be dressed in

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading And among these whose higher station is indicated by the linen or paper symbol, what a gap between the mechanic with collar attached to a flannel shirt, and just visible along the top of a black tie, and the shopman whose pride it is to adorn himself with the very ugliest neck-encloser put in vogue by aristocratic sanction.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading PENNYLOAF CANDY In the social classification of the nether world—a subject which so eminently adapts itself to the sportive and gracefully picturesque mode of treatment—it will be convenient to distinguish broadly, and with reference to males alone, the two great sections of those who do, and those who do not, wear collars.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Each of these orders would, it is obvious, offer much scope to an analyst delighting in subtle gradation.

Chapter 7 of The Nether World by George Gissing holds 196 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Nether World contain?

Chapter 7 holds 196 sentences of The Nether World, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Nether World by George Gissing exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 196 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Nether World?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Nether World

Common questions about reading The Nether World by George Gissing on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Nether World?

Yes. All 9513 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4301 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Nether World is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4301, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Nether World take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1903 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Nether World section by section

How to work through The Nether World section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Nether World to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Nether World

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Nether World, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Unyoking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Nether World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Highways
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Nether World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Byways
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Nether World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clerkenwell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Nether World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.