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The New Warden
The New Warden

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The New Warden is here in full — 257 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/51 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.
The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.
Bernard, the second son, had not been sent to a public school or University.
He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.
Boreham had had no real practical acquaintance with the world.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The New Warden

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The New Warden is here in full — 257 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.
Line 2
The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.
Line 3
Bernard, the second son, had not been sent to a public school or University.
/bərˈnɑːrd ðə ˈsekənd sʌn hæd nɑːt bɪn sent tuː ə ˈpʌblɪk skuːl ɔːr ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/
Line 4
He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.
/hiː hæd ˈstrʌɡəld ʌp æz best hiː maɪt ənd laɪk ɔːl ðə ˈmembərz ʌv hɪz ˈfæməli hiː hæd left hɪz bɪˈlʌvd ˈkʌntri æz suːn æz hiː ˈpɑːsəbli kʊd ənd hæd pɪkt ʌp sʌm ˈekstrə ˈʃɪlɪŋz ɪn ˈlʌndən baɪ ˈraɪtɪŋ laɪt ˈɑːrtəkəlz ʌv æn ɪnˈflæmətɔːri ˈneɪtʃər fɔːr ˈpeɪpərz ðæt riˈkwaɪərd ðem/
Line 5
Boreham had had no real practical acquaintance with the world.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bernard noun US /bərˈnɑːrd/

French physiologist noted for research on secretions of the alimentary canal and the glycogenic function of the liver (1813-1878)

From this reading “THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.”

burdened adjective US /ˈbɜːrdənd/

bearing a heavy burden of work or difficulties or responsibilities

From this reading “The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.”

depressing adjective US /dɪˈpresɪŋ/

causing sad feelings of gloom and inadequacy

From this reading “The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.”

inflammatory adjective US /ɪnˈflæmətɔːri/

characterized or caused by inflammation

From this reading “He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.”

maternal adjective US /məˈtɜːrnəl/

characteristic of a mother

From this reading “THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.”

obligations noun US /ˌɑːbləˈɡeɪʃənz/

plural of “obligation” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading “The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.”

relatives noun US /ˈrelətɪvz/

plural of “relative” — a person related by blood or marriage

From this reading “The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.”

unforeseen adjective US /ˌʌnfɔːrˈsiːn/

not anticipated

From this reading “THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

female relatives adjective + noun counted as “female relative”

In this reading “The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.”

picked up verb + adjective counted as “pick up”

take and lift upward

In this reading “He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.”

public school noun + noun

a tuition free school in the United States supported by taxes and controlled by a school board

In this reading “Bernard, the second son, had not been sent to a public school or University.”

without making preposition + noun

In this reading “THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.”

beloved country adjective + noun

In this reading “He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.”

second son noun + noun

In this reading “Bernard, the second son, had not been sent to a public school or University.”

live without verb + particle

In this reading “THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.”

just sufficient adverb + adjective

In this reading “THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Bernard, the second son, had not been sent to a public school or University.

acquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading Boreham had had no real practical acquaintance with the world.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

articlesnounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəlz/

plural of “article” — nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

auntnounUS /ænt/

the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

belovedadjectiveUS /bɪˈlʌvd/

dearly loved

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

BernardnounUS /bərˈnɑːrd/

French physiologist noted for research on secretions of the alimentary canal and the glycogenic function of the liver (1813-1878)

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

Boreham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

Boreham's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

burdenedadjectiveUS /ˈbɜːrdənd/

bearing a heavy burden of work or difficulties or responsibilities

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

Chartcote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

depressingadjectiveUS /dɪˈpresɪŋ/

causing sad feelings of gloom and inadequacy

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

enableverbUS /eˈneɪbəl/

render capable or able for some task

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

extraadjectiveUS /ˈekstrə/

more than is needed, desired, or required

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

femaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

HAPPENSverbUS /ˈhæpənz/

third-person singular of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

HonourableadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnərəbəl/

worthy of being honored; entitled to honor and respect

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

incomenounUS /ˈɪnkʌm/

the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

inflammatoryadjectiveUS /ɪnˈflæmətɔːri/

characterized or caused by inflammation

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

IrelandnounUS /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

maternaladjectiveUS /məˈtɜːrnəl/

characteristic of a mother

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

membersnounUS /ˈmembərz/

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Boreham had had no real practical acquaintance with the world.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Bernard, the second son, had not been sent to a public school or University.

obligationsnounUS /ˌɑːbləˈɡeɪʃənz/

plural of “obligation” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Bernard, the second son, had not been sent to a public school or University.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

pickedverbUS /pɪkt/

past form of “pick” — select carefully from a group

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

possiblyadverbUS /ˈpɑːsəbli/

by chance

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

practicaladjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading Boreham had had no real practical acquaintance with the world.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Bernard, the second son, had not been sent to a public school or University.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading Boreham had had no real practical acquaintance with the world.

relativesnounUS /ˈrelətɪvz/

plural of “relative” — a person related by blood or marriage

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Bernard, the second son, had not been sent to a public school or University.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Bernard, the second son, had not been sent to a public school or University.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Bernard, the second son, had not been sent to a public school or University.

shillingsnounUS /ˈʃɪlɪŋz/

plural of “shilling” — the basic unit of money in Uganda; equal to 100 cents

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Bernard, the second son, had not been sent to a public school or University.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

struggledverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəld/

past form of “struggle” — make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

UNFORESEENadjectiveUS /ˌʌnfɔːrˈsiːn/

not anticipated

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading Bernard, the second son, had not been sent to a public school or University.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

watering-places

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Boreham estate in Ireland was burdened with obligations to female relatives who lived in various depressing watering-places in England.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading THE UNFORESEEN HAPPENS Before his maternal aunt had left him Chartcote, the Honourable Bernard Boreham's income had been just sufficient to enable him to live without making himself useful.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Boreham had had no real practical acquaintance with the world.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading He had struggled up as best he might, and like all the members of his family, he had left his beloved country as soon as he possibly could, and had picked up some extra shillings in London by writing light articles of an inflammatory nature for papers that required them.

Chapter 4 of The New Warden by David G. (David George), Mrs. Ritchie holds 257 sentences, grouped into 52 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The New Warden contain?

Chapter 4 holds 257 sentences of The New Warden, unabridged, divided into 52 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The New Warden by David G. (David George), Mrs. Ritchie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 257 sentences, grouped into 52 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The New Warden?

Work through the 52 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 52 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The New Warden

Common questions about reading The New Warden by David G. (David George), Mrs. Ritchie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The New Warden?

Yes. All 6812 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32388 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The New Warden is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32388, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The New Warden take to read?

About 567 minutes of reading across 1363 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The New Warden section by section

How to work through The New Warden section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of The New Warden to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The New Warden

Words and structures a reader meets early in The New Warden, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The New Warden; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sinners
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The New Warden; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Murray
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The New Warden; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Albemarle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The New Warden; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.