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The North Pole
The North Pole

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The North Pole is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.
All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.
Old age has few terrors for the Eskimo, for he seldom lives to reach it.
He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.
It is seldom that an Eskimo lives to be more than sixty years of age.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The North Pole

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The North Pole is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.
/ɑːd ˈkʌstəmz ʌv æn ɑːd ˈpiːpəl hɑːrd æz ɪz ðə laɪf ʌv ðə ˈeskəmoʊ hɪz end ɪz ˈjuːʒəwəli æz ˈrɪɡərəs/
Line 2
All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.
/ɔːl hɪz laɪf hiː ɪz enˈɡeɪdʒd ɪn ˈkɑːnstənt ˈwɔːrfer wɪð ðə ɪnˈhɑːspətəbəl ˈeləmənts ʌv hɪz ˈkʌntri ənd deθ wen ɪt ərˈaɪvz ˈjuːʒəwəli kʌmz ɪn sʌm ˈvaɪələnt fɔːrm/
Line 3
Old age has few terrors for the Eskimo, for he seldom lives to reach it.
/oʊld eɪdʒ hæz fjuː ˈterərz fɔːr ðə ˈeskəmoʊ fɔːr hiː ˈseldəm lɪvz tuː riːtʃ ɪt/
Line 4
He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.
Line 5
It is seldom that an Eskimo lives to be more than sixty years of age.
/ɪt ɪz ˈseldəm ðæt æn ˈeskəmoʊ lɪvz tuː biː mɔːr ðæn ˈsɪksti jɪrz ʌv eɪdʒ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arrives verb US /ərˈaɪvz/

third-person singular of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading “All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.”

Eskimo noun US /ˈeskəmoʊ/

a member of a people inhabiting the Arctic (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberia); the Algonquians called them Eskimo (“eaters of raw flesh”) but they call themselves the Inuit (“the people”)

From this reading “ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.”

iceberg noun US /ˈaɪsbərɡ/

a large mass of ice floating at sea; usually broken off of a polar glacier

From this reading “He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.”

inhospitable adjective US /ɪnˈhɑːspətəbəl/

unfavorable to life or growth

From this reading “All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.”

overturning verb US /ˈoʊvərtɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “overturn” — turn from an upright or normal position

From this reading “He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.”

rigorous adjective US /ˈrɪɡərəs/

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading “ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.”

terrors noun US /ˈterərz/

plural of “terror” — an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading “Old age has few terrors for the Eskimo, for he seldom lives to reach it.”

warfare noun US /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading “All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Old age has few terrors for the Eskimo, for he seldom lives to reach it.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

arrivesverbUS /ərˈaɪvz/

third-person singular of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is seldom that an Eskimo lives to be more than sixty years of age.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

canoenounUS /kəˈnuː/

small and light boat; pointed at both ends; propelled with a paddle

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

capsizingnoun

(nautical) the event of a boat accidentally turning over in the water

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

crushedadjectiveUS /krʌʃt/

treated so as to have a permanently wrinkled appearance

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

CUSTOMSnounUS /ˈkʌstəmz/

money collected under a tariff

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

DeathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

diesnounUS /daɪz/

plural of “die” — a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

drownedverbUS /draʊnd/

past form of “drown” — cover completely or make imperceptible

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

EskimonounUS /ˈeskəmoʊ/

a member of a people inhabiting the Arctic (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberia); the Algonquians called them Eskimo (“eaters of raw flesh”) but they call themselves the Inuit (“the people”)

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Old age has few terrors for the Eskimo, for he seldom lives to reach it.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Old age has few terrors for the Eskimo, for he seldom lives to reach it.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

HardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

harnessverbUS /ˈhɑːrnəs/

put a harness

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Old age has few terrors for the Eskimo, for he seldom lives to reach it.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

icebergnounUS /ˈaɪsbərɡ/

a large mass of ice floating at sea; usually broken off of a polar glacier

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

inhospitableadjectiveUS /ɪnˈhɑːspətəbəl/

unfavorable to life or growth

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Old age has few terrors for the Eskimo, for he seldom lives to reach it.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It is seldom that an Eskimo lives to be more than sixty years of age.

ODDadjectiveUS /ɑːd/

not divisible by two

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Old age has few terrors for the Eskimo, for he seldom lives to reach it.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

overturningverbUS /ˈoʊvərtɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “overturn” — turn from an upright or normal position

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

PEOPLEnounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Old age has few terrors for the Eskimo, for he seldom lives to reach it.

rigorousadjectiveUS /ˈrɪɡərəs/

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

rock-slide

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/

not often

From this reading Old age has few terrors for the Eskimo, for he seldom lives to reach it.

sixtyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪksti/

being ten more than fifty

From this reading It is seldom that an Eskimo lives to be more than sixty years of age.

skinnounUS /skɪn/

a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

snow-slide

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He dies, as a rule, in harness, drowned by the capsizing of his skin canoe, caught by the overturning of an iceberg, or crushed by a snow-slide or a rock-slide.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

terrorsnounUS /ˈterərz/

plural of “terror” — an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading Old age has few terrors for the Eskimo, for he seldom lives to reach it.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It is seldom that an Eskimo lives to be more than sixty years of age.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is seldom that an Eskimo lives to be more than sixty years of age.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Old age has few terrors for the Eskimo, for he seldom lives to reach it.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading ODD CUSTOMS OF AN ODD PEOPLE Hard as is the life of the Eskimo, his end is usually as rigorous.

violentadjectiveUS /ˈvaɪələnt/

acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

warfarenounUS /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading All his life he is engaged in constant warfare with the inhospitable elements of his country, and Death, when it arrives, usually comes in some violent form.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It is seldom that an Eskimo lives to be more than sixty years of age.

Chapter 8 of The North Pole by Robert E. (Robert Edwin) Peary holds 108 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The North Pole contain?

Chapter 8 holds 108 sentences of The North Pole, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The North Pole by Robert E. (Robert Edwin) Peary exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 108 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The North Pole?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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