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The Northern Iron
The Northern Iron

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Northern Iron is here in full — 287 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Northern Iron
Context Illustration Reading 1/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.
Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.
The mounds and hollows of these dunes are for ever shifting and changing.
The loose sand is blown into new fantastic heights and valleys by the winter gales.
No road could be built on such insecure foundation.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Northern Iron

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Northern Iron is here in full — 287 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.
Line 2
Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.
Line 3
The mounds and hollows of these dunes are for ever shifting and changing.
/ðə maʊndz ənd ˈhɑːloʊz ʌv ðiːz duːnz ɑːr fɔːr ˈevər ˈʃɪftɪŋ ənd ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ/
Line 4
The loose sand is blown into new fantastic heights and valleys by the winter gales.
/ðə luːs sænd ɪz bloʊn ˈɪntuː nuː fænˈtæstɪk haɪts ənd ˈvæliz baɪ ðə ˈwɪntər ɡeɪlz/
Line 5
No road could be built on such insecure foundation.
/noʊ roʊd kʊd biː bɪlt ɑːn sʌtʃ ˈɪnsəkjər faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

connects verb US /kəˈnekts/

third-person singular of “connect” — connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces

From this reading “The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.”

dunes noun US /duːnz/

plural of “dune” — a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans

From this reading “The mounds and hollows of these dunes are for ever shifting and changing.”

gales noun US /ɡeɪlz/

plural of “gale” — a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale

From this reading “The loose sand is blown into new fantastic heights and valleys by the winter gales.”

hollows noun US /ˈhɑːloʊz/

plural of “hollow” — a cavity or space in something

From this reading “The mounds and hollows of these dunes are for ever shifting and changing.”

impossibility noun US /ˌɪmpɔːsɪˈbɪlɪti/

incapability of existing or occurring

From this reading “Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.”

insecure adjective US /ˈɪnsəkjər/

not firm or firmly fixed; likely to fail or give way

From this reading “No road could be built on such insecure foundation.”

mounds noun US /maʊndz/

plural of “mound” — (baseball) the slight elevation on which the pitcher stands

From this reading “The mounds and hollows of these dunes are for ever shifting and changing.”

tracts noun US /trækts/

plural of “tract” — an extended area of land

From this reading “Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The mounds and hollows of these dunes are for ever shifting and changing.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

Ballycastle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading No road could be built on such insecure foundation.

blownadjectiveUS /bloʊn/

being moved or acted upon by moving air or vapor

From this reading The loose sand is blown into new fantastic heights and valleys by the winter gales.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading No road could be built on such insecure foundation.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

changingadjectiveUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ/

marked by continuous change or effective action

From this reading The mounds and hollows of these dunes are for ever shifting and changing.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

connectsverbUS /kəˈnekts/

third-person singular of “connect” — connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading No road could be built on such insecure foundation.

crossingnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪŋ/

traveling across

From this reading Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.

dareverbUS /der/

take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.

dunesnounUS /duːnz/

plural of “dune” — a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans

From this reading The mounds and hollows of these dunes are for ever shifting and changing.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The mounds and hollows of these dunes are for ever shifting and changing.

fantasticadjectiveUS /fænˈtæstɪk/

ludicrously odd

From this reading The loose sand is blown into new fantastic heights and valleys by the winter gales.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The mounds and hollows of these dunes are for ever shifting and changing.

foundationnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading No road could be built on such insecure foundation.

galesnounUS /ɡeɪlz/

plural of “gale” — a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale

From this reading The loose sand is blown into new fantastic heights and valleys by the winter gales.

heightsnounUS /haɪts/

a high place

From this reading The loose sand is blown into new fantastic heights and valleys by the winter gales.

hollowsnounUS /ˈhɑːloʊz/

plural of “hollow” — a cavity or space in something

From this reading The mounds and hollows of these dunes are for ever shifting and changing.

impossibilitynounUS /ˌɪmpɔːsɪˈbɪlɪti/

incapability of existing or occurring

From this reading Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.

inlandadjectiveUS /ˈɪnlænd/

situated away from an area's coast or border

From this reading Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.

insecureadjectiveUS /ˈɪnsəkjər/

not firm or firmly fixed; likely to fail or give way

From this reading No road could be built on such insecure foundation.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The loose sand is blown into new fantastic heights and valleys by the winter gales.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading The loose sand is blown into new fantastic heights and valleys by the winter gales.

milenounUS /maɪl/

a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.

moundsnounUS /maʊndz/

plural of “mound” — (baseball) the slight elevation on which the pitcher stands

From this reading The mounds and hollows of these dunes are for ever shifting and changing.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The loose sand is blown into new fantastic heights and valleys by the winter gales.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No road could be built on such insecure foundation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading No road could be built on such insecure foundation.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.

Portrush

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading The loose sand is blown into new fantastic heights and valleys by the winter gales.

sandhills

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

shiftingadjectiveUS /ˈʃɪftɪŋ/

continuously varying

From this reading The mounds and hollows of these dunes are for ever shifting and changing.

skirtsnounUS /skɜːrts/

plural of “skirt” — cloth covering that forms the part of a garment below the waist

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

SometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading No road could be built on such insecure foundation.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The mounds and hollows of these dunes are for ever shifting and changing.

tractsnounUS /trækts/

plural of “tract” — an extended area of land

From this reading Sometimes it is driven inland a mile or so by the impossibility of crossing tracts of sandhills.

valleysnounUS /ˈvæliz/

plural of “valley” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading The loose sand is blown into new fantastic heights and valleys by the winter gales.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading The loose sand is blown into new fantastic heights and valleys by the winter gales.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The road which connects Portrush with Ballycastle skirts, so far as any road can and dare, the sea coast.

Chapter 2 of The Northern Iron by George A. Birmingham holds 287 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Northern Iron contain?

Chapter 2 holds 287 sentences of The Northern Iron, unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Northern Iron by George A. Birmingham exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 287 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Northern Iron?

Work through the 58 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 58 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Northern Iron

Common questions about reading The Northern Iron by George A. Birmingham on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Northern Iron?

Yes. All 6050 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24140 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Northern Iron is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24140, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Northern Iron take to read?

About 504 minutes of reading across 1210 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Northern Iron section by section

How to work through The Northern Iron section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of The Northern Iron to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Northern Iron

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Northern Iron, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ardrigh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Northern Iron; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Belfast
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Northern Iron; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Northern Iron; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Already
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Northern Iron; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.