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The Northern Iron
The Northern Iron

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Northern Iron is here in full — 313 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/62 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.
The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.
The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.
On stormy days in winter it must have been most unsafe to venture out of doors.
The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Northern Iron

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Northern Iron is here in full — 313 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.
Line 2
The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.
/ðə wɔːlz wɜːr θɪk ðə ruːmz ˈlɪtəl ˈlɑːrdʒər ðæn ˈprɪzən selz ənd ðə ˈwɪndoʊz ˈveri smɔːl ənd ˈneroʊ bʌt ðeɪ wɜːr waɪd ɪˈnʌf tuː let ðə waɪnd ˈwɪsəl θruː ðem ənd ðə reɪn ˈtrɪkəl ˈoʊvər ðer sɪlz tuː ðə stoʊn flɔːrz ˌɪnˈsaɪd/
Line 3
The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.
Line 4
On stormy days in winter it must have been most unsafe to venture out of doors.
/ɑːn ˈstɔːrmi deɪz ɪn ˈwɪntər ɪt mʌst hæv bɪn moʊst ənˈseɪf tuː ˈventʃər aʊt ʌv dɔːrz/
Line 5
The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cells noun US /selz/

plural of “cell” — any small compartment

From this reading “The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.”

eddies noun US /ˈediz/

plural of “eddy” — founder of Christian Science in 1866 (1821-1910)

From this reading “The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.”

floors noun US /flɔːrz/

plural of “floor” — the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading “The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.”

sills noun US /sɪlz/

United States operatic soprano (born in 1929)

From this reading “The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.”

stronghold noun US /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading “The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.”

trickle verb US /ˈtrɪkəl/

run or flow slowly, as in drops or in an unsteady stream

From this reading “The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.”

unsafe adjective US /ənˈseɪf/

lacking in security or safety

From this reading “On stormy days in winter it must have been most unsafe to venture out of doors.”

ventilation noun US /ˌventəˈleɪʃən/

the act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air

From this reading “The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

buildingsnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

cautiouslyadverbUS /ˈkɔːʃəsli/

as if with kid gloves; with caution or prudence or tact

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

cellsnounUS /selz/

plural of “cell” — any small compartment

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

cliffnounUS /klɪf/

a steep high face of rock

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

consumptiveadjective

tending to consume or use often wastefully

From this reading The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading On stormy days in winter it must have been most unsafe to venture out of doors.

doctornounUS /ˈdɑːktər/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.

doorsnounUS /dɔːrz/

plural of “door” — a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading On stormy days in winter it must have been most unsafe to venture out of doors.

Dunluce

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

Dunseveric

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

eddiesnounUS /ˈediz/

plural of “eddy” — founder of Christian Science in 1866 (1821-1910)

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

floorsnounUS /flɔːrz/

plural of “floor” — the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.

fortunatelyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

by good fortune

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

inferioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɪriər/

of or characteristic of low rank or importance

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

insideadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

inwardsadverb

to or toward the inside of

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading On stormy days in winter it must have been most unsafe to venture out of doors.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

LordsnounUS /lɔːrdz/

plural of “lord” — terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading On stormy days in winter it must have been most unsafe to venture out of doors.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading On stormy days in winter it must have been most unsafe to venture out of doors.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

neighbouringverbUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading On stormy days in winter it must have been most unsafe to venture out of doors.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.

perchedverbUS /pɜːrtʃt/

past form of “perch” — sit, as on a branch

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

precipices

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

provideverbUS /prəˈvaɪd/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

residencenounUS /ˈrezɪdəns/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

roomsnounUS /ruːmz/

apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms used as a living unit (as in a hotel)

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

sanatoriumnoun

a hospital for recuperation or for the treatment of chronic diseases

From this reading The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.

satisfiedadjectiveUS /ˈsætəsfaɪd/

filled with satisfaction

From this reading The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

sillsnounUS /sɪlz/

United States operatic soprano (born in 1929)

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

stormyadjectiveUS /ˈstɔːrmi/

(especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion

From this reading On stormy days in winter it must have been most unsafe to venture out of doors.

strongholdnounUS /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

trickleverbUS /ˈtrɪkəl/

run or flow slowly, as in drops or in an unsteady stream

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

uncomfortableadjectiveUS /ənˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

conducive to or feeling mental discomfort

From this reading The Lords of Dunseveric once lived in a castle perched on the edge of a cliff, a place inferior to the neighbouring Dunluce as a stronghold, but equally uncomfortable as a residence.

unsafeadjectiveUS /ənˈseɪf/

lacking in security or safety

From this reading On stormy days in winter it must have been most unsafe to venture out of doors.

ventilationnounUS /ˌventəˈleɪʃən/

the act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air

From this reading The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.

venturenounUS /ˈventʃər/

any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading On stormy days in winter it must have been most unsafe to venture out of doors.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

walknounUS /wɔːk/

the act of traveling by foot

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

whistleverbUS /ˈwɪsəl/

make whistling sounds

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading The walls were thick, the rooms little larger than prison cells, and the windows very small and narrow, but they were wide enough to let the wind whistle through them and the rain trickle over their sills to the stone floors inside.

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading On stormy days in winter it must have been most unsafe to venture out of doors.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.

worstnounUS /wɜːrst/

the least favorable outcome

From this reading The worst winds, fortunately, always blow inwards from the sea, but there are eddies round buildings, and with precipices on three sides of him, the ancient lord of Dunseveric had need to walk cautiously and provide himself, when possible, with something to hold on to.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The doctor of a modern sanatorium for consumptive people would have been well satisfied with the ventilation of Dunseveric Castle.

Chapter 4 of The Northern Iron by George A. Birmingham holds 313 sentences, grouped into 63 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Northern Iron contain?

Chapter 4 holds 313 sentences of The Northern Iron, unabridged, divided into 63 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Northern Iron by George A. Birmingham exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 313 sentences, grouped into 63 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Northern Iron?

Work through the 63 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 63 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Northern Iron

Common questions about reading The Northern Iron by George A. Birmingham on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Northern Iron?

Yes. All 6050 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24140 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Northern Iron is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24140, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Northern Iron take to read?

About 504 minutes of reading across 1210 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Northern Iron section by section

How to work through The Northern Iron section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of The Northern Iron to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Northern Iron

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Northern Iron, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ardrigh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Northern Iron; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Belfast
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Northern Iron; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Northern Iron; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Already
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Northern Iron; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.