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The Novel on the Tram
The Novel on the Tram

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Novel on the Tram is here in full — 510 sentences across 102 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/102 · 5 lines
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This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.
The tram left the end of the Salamanca district to pass through the whole of Madrid in the direction of Pozas.
Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.
At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.
I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Novel on the Tram

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Novel on the Tram is here in full — 510 sentences across 102 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/102 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.
Line 2
The tram left the end of the Salamanca district to pass through the whole of Madrid in the direction of Pozas.
Line 3
Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.
Line 4
At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.
/æt ðə seɪm taɪm ə ˈfeɪtfəl ˈmiːtɪŋ aɪ kəˈlaɪdɪd wɪð əˈnʌðər ˈpæsəndʒər huː wɑːz ˈɡetɪŋ ɑːn ðə træm frʌm ðə ˈʌðər saɪd/
Line 5
I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

collided verb US /kəˈlaɪdɪd/

past form of “collide” — be incompatible; be or come into conflict

From this reading “At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.”

fateful adjective US /ˈfeɪtfəl/

having momentous consequences; of decisive importance

From this reading “At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.”

handrail noun US /ˈhændreɪl/

a railing at the side of a staircase or balcony to prevent people from falling

From this reading “Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.”

handshake noun US /ˈhændʃeɪk/

grasping and shaking a person's hand (as to acknowledge an introduction or to agree on a contract)

From this reading “I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.”

inoffensive adjective US /ˌɪnəˈfensɪv/

not causing anger or annoyance

From this reading “I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.”

Motivated adjective US /ˈmoʊtəveɪtəd/

provided with a motive or given incentive for action

From this reading “Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.”

tram noun US /træm/

a conveyance that transports passengers or freight in carriers suspended from cables and supported by a series of towers

From this reading “This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.”

translator noun US /trænˈsleɪtər/

a person who translates written messages from one language to another

From this reading “This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

critical juncture adjective + noun

In this reading “I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.”

de la noun + noun

In this reading “I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.”

onto the platform preposition + article + noun counted as “onto … platform”

In this reading “Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.”

upper deck adjective + noun

a higher deck

In this reading “Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.”

sit down verb + adjective

take a seat

In this reading “Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.”

pass through verb + particle

make a passage or journey from one place to another

In this reading “The tram left the end of the Salamanca district to pass through the whole of Madrid in the direction of Pozas.”

same time adjective + noun

In this reading “At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.”

other side adjective + noun

In this reading “At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

Cascajares

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

collidedverbUS /kəˈlaɪdɪd/

past form of “collide” — be incompatible; be or come into conflict

From this reading At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.

criticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

decknounUS /dek/

any of various platforms built into a vessel

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

Dionisio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading The tram left the end of the Salamanca district to pass through the whole of Madrid in the direction of Pozas.

discreetadjectiveUS /dɪˈskriːt/

marked by prudence or modesty and wise self-restraint

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

districtnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading The tram left the end of the Salamanca district to pass through the whole of Madrid in the direction of Pozas.

domainnounUS /doʊˈmeɪn/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

elnounUS /el/

angular distance above the horizon (especially of a celestial object)

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

ennounUS /en/

half the width of an em

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The tram left the end of the Salamanca district to pass through the whole of Madrid in the direction of Pozas.

enthusiasticadjectiveUS /ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk/

having or showing great excitement and interest

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

entitledadjectiveUS /enˈtaɪtəld/

qualified for by right according to law

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

fatefuladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtfəl/

having momentous consequences; of decisive importance

From this reading At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.

goodnessnounUS /ˈɡʊdnəs/

that which is pleasing or valuable or useful

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

grantedadjectiveUS /ˈɡræntəd/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

greetverbUS /ɡriːt/

express greetings upon meeting someone

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

handrailnounUS /ˈhændreɪl/

a railing at the side of a staircase or balcony to prevent people from falling

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

handshakenounUS /ˈhændʃeɪk/

grasping and shaking a person's hand (as to acknowledge an introduction or to agree on a contract)

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The tram left the end of the Salamanca district to pass through the whole of Madrid in the direction of Pozas.

inoffensiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪnəˈfensɪv/

not causing anger or annoyance

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

intentionnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃən/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

juncturenounUS /ˈdʒʌŋktʃər/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

LanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The tram left the end of the Salamanca district to pass through the whole of Madrid in the direction of Pozas.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

MadridnounUS /məˈdrɪd/

the capital and largest city situated centrally in Spain; home of an outstanding art museum

From this reading The tram left the end of the Salamanca district to pass through the whole of Madrid in the direction of Pozas.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.

MichaelnounUS /ˈmaɪkəl/

(Old Testament) the guardian archangel of the Jews

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

MotivatedadjectiveUS /ˈmoʊtəveɪtəd/

provided with a motive or given incentive for action

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

NovelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

novela

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

ontoprepositionUS /ˈɑːntuː/

moving to a position on a surface

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading The tram left the end of the Salamanca district to pass through the whole of Madrid in the direction of Pozas.

passengernounUS /ˈpæsəndʒər/

a traveler riding in a vehicle (a boat or bus or car or plane or train etc) who is not operating it

From this reading At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.

platformnounUS /ˈplætfɔːrm/

a raised horizontal surface

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

Pozas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tram left the end of the Salamanca district to pass through the whole of Madrid in the direction of Pozas.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

Salamanca

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tram left the end of the Salamanca district to pass through the whole of Madrid in the direction of Pozas.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

selfishadjectiveUS /ˈselfɪʃ/

concerned chiefly or only with yourself and your advantage to the exclusion of others

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

stairnounUS /ster/

support consisting of a place to rest the foot while ascending or descending a stairway

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

steppedverbUS /stept/

inflected form of “step” — shift or move by taking a step

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The tram left the end of the Salamanca district to pass through the whole of Madrid in the direction of Pozas.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

TramnounUS /træm/

a conveyance that transports passengers or freight in carriers suspended from cables and supported by a series of towers

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

translatornounUS /trænˈsleɪtər/

a person who translates written messages from one language to another

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

tranvía

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

Vallina

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading At the same time (a fateful meeting!) I collided with another passenger who was getting on the tram from the other side.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The tram left the end of the Salamanca district to pass through the whole of Madrid in the direction of Pozas.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Motivated by a selfish desire to sit down before others with the same intention, I put my hand on the handrail of the stair leading to the upper deck, stepped onto the platform and went up.

Wooff

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This translation of La novela en el tranvía, which I have entitled The Novel on the Tram, is granted to the public domain by its translator, Michael Wooff.

ynounUS /waɪ/

a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys

From this reading I looked at him and recognized my friend Don Dionisio Cascajares y de la Vallina, a man as inoffensive as he was discreet, who had at this critical juncture the goodness to greet me with a warm and enthusiastic handshake.

Chapter 1 of The Novel on the Tram by Benito Pérez Galdós holds 510 sentences, grouped into 102 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Novel on the Tram contain?

Chapter 1 holds 510 sentences of The Novel on the Tram, unabridged, divided into 102 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Novel on the Tram by Benito Pérez Galdós exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 510 sentences, grouped into 102 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Novel on the Tram?

Work through the 102 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 102 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Novel on the Tram

Common questions about reading The Novel on the Tram by Benito Pérez Galdós on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Novel on the Tram?

Yes. All 510 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #53317 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Novel on the Tram is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #53317, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Novel on the Tram take to read?

About 42 minutes of reading across 102 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Novel on the Tram section by section

How to work through The Novel on the Tram section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of The Novel on the Tram to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Novel on the Tram

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Novel on the Tram, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Novel on the Tram; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novela
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Novel on the Tram; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tranv
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Novel on the Tram; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Entitled
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Novel on the Tram; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.