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The Ocean and Its Wonders
The Ocean and Its Wonders

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Ocean and Its Wonders is here in full — 517 sentences across 104 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/103 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.
At the same point the upper current from the north also descends.
They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.
The same explanation holds in regard to the southern limit of the south-east trades.
In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.
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Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Ocean and Its Wonders

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Ocean and Its Wonders is here in full — 517 sentences across 104 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/103 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.
Line 2
At the same point the upper current from the north also descends.
/æt ðə seɪm pɔɪnt ðə ˈʌpər ˈkɜːrənt frʌm ðə nɔːrθ ˈɔːlsoʊ dɪˈsendz/
Line 3
They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.
Line 4
The same explanation holds in regard to the southern limit of the south-east trades.
Line 5
In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

belts noun US /belts/

plural of “belt” — endless loop of flexible material between two rotating shafts or pulleys

From this reading “In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.”

cancer noun US /ˈkænsər/

any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream

From this reading “In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.”

capricorn noun US /ˈkæprəkɔːrn/

(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Capricorn

From this reading “In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.”

descends verb US /dɪˈsendz/

third-person singular of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading “It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.”

diagram noun US /ˈdaɪəɡræm/

a drawing intended to explain how something works; a drawing showing the relation between the parts

From this reading “In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.”

north-east adverb US /ˌnɔːrˈθiːst/

to, toward, or in the northeast

From this reading “They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.”

trades noun US /treɪdz/

plural of “trade” — the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading “The same explanation holds in regard to the southern limit of the south-east trades.”

tropics noun US /ˈtrɑːpɪks/

the part of the Earth's surface between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn; characterized by a hot climate

From this reading “In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

30

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

accompanyingadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpəniɪŋ/

occurring with or following as a consequence

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading At the same point the upper current from the north also descends.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

arrowsnounUS /ˈæroʊz/

plural of “arrow” — a mark to indicate a direction or relation

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the same point the upper current from the north also descends.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

beltsnounUS /belts/

plural of “belt” — endless loop of flexible material between two rotating shafts or pulleys

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

cancernounUS /ˈkænsər/

any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

capricornnounUS /ˈkæprəkɔːrn/

(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Capricorn

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

counternounUS /ˈkaʊntər/

table consisting of a horizontal surface over which business is transacted

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

currentsnounUS /ˈkɜːrənts/

plural of “current” — a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.

degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

descendverbUS /dɪˈsend/

move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

descendsverbUS /dɪˈsendz/

third-person singular of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

diagramnounUS /ˈdaɪəɡræm/

a drawing intended to explain how something works; a drawing showing the relation between the parts

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.

explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

explanationnounUS /ˌekspləˈneɪʃən/

a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.

From this reading The same explanation holds in regard to the southern limit of the south-east trades.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

holdsnounUS /hoʊldz/

plural of “hold” — the act of grasping

From this reading The same explanation holds in regard to the southern limit of the south-east trades.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The same explanation holds in regard to the southern limit of the south-east trades.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

latitudenounUS /ˈlætətuːd/

the angular distance between an imaginary line around a heavenly body parallel to its equator and the equator itself

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

limitnounUS /ˈlɪmət/

the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading At the same point the upper current from the north also descends.

north-eastadverbUS /ˌnɔːrˈθiːst/

to, toward, or in the northeast

From this reading They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.

northernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading At the same point the upper current from the north also descends.

produceverbUS /prəˈduːs/

bring forth or yield

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The same explanation holds in regard to the southern limit of the south-east trades.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading At the same point the upper current from the north also descends.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

south-eastadverb

to, toward, or in the southeast

From this reading The same explanation holds in regard to the southern limit of the south-east trades.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The same explanation holds in regard to the southern limit of the south-east trades.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The same explanation holds in regard to the southern limit of the south-east trades.

trade-winds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.

tradesnounUS /treɪdz/

plural of “trade” — the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading The same explanation holds in regard to the southern limit of the south-east trades.

tropicsnounUS /ˈtrɑːpɪks/

the part of the Earth's surface between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn; characterized by a hot climate

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading They cut through each other, and the point where these two cut each other is the northern limit of the north-east trade-winds.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading It has already been explained that about latitude 30 degrees, the upper current of wind from the south descends.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading In the accompanying diagram the arrows within the circle point out the direction of the north-east and the south-east "trades" between the tropics of cancer and capricorn, and also the counter currents to the north and south of these, while the arrows around the circle show how counter currents meet and rise, or descend, and produce the calm belts.

Chapter 2 of The Ocean and Its Wonders by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne holds 517 sentences, grouped into 104 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Ocean and Its Wonders contain?

Chapter 2 holds 517 sentences of The Ocean and Its Wonders, unabridged, divided into 104 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Ocean and Its Wonders by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 517 sentences, grouped into 104 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Ocean and Its Wonders?

Work through the 104 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 104 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Ocean and Its Wonders

Common questions about reading The Ocean and Its Wonders by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Ocean and Its Wonders?

Yes. All 1549 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21754 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Ocean and Its Wonders is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21754, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Ocean and Its Wonders take to read?

About 129 minutes of reading across 310 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Ocean and Its Wonders section by section

How to work through The Ocean and Its Wonders section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Ocean and Its Wonders

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Ocean and Its Wonders, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ocean
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ocean and Its Wonders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wonders
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ocean and Its Wonders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ballantyne
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ocean and Its Wonders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chapter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ocean and Its Wonders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.