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The Odyssey of Homer
The Odyssey of Homer

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Odyssey of Homer is here in full — 263 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 52/52 · 8 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 8
The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.
The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.
We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.
The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.
The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.
The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.
(_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.
But this is matter for a separate investigation. The Odyssey
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Odyssey of Homer

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Odyssey of Homer is here in full — 263 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 52/52 · 8 reading units · Lines 256–263

Line 1
The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.
/ðə dʒɜːrm ʌv ðə hoʊl ˈepɪk ɪz ˈprɑːbəbliː ðə ˈpɑːpjələr teɪl noʊn ɔːl ˈoʊvər ðə wɜːrld ʌv ðə ˈwɔːriər huː ɑːn hɪz rɪˈtɜːrn frʌm ə lɔːŋ ˌekspəˈdɪʃən hæz ɡreɪt ˈdɪfəkəlti ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ hɪz ˈpruːdənt waɪf ˈrekəɡnaɪz hɪm/
Line 2
The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.
/ðə ˈɪnsədənt əˈkɜːrz æz ə dɪˈtætʃt ˈstɔːri ɪn ˈtʃaɪnə ənd ɪn moʊst ˌjʊrəˈpiːən ˈkʌntriz ɪt ɪz toʊld ʌv ə kruːˈseɪdər/
Line 3
We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.
/wiː meɪ səˈpoʊz ɪt tuː biː ˈoʊldər ðæn ðə ˈledʒənd ʌv trɔɪ ənd tuː hæv ˈɡrævəteɪtɪd ˈɪntuː ðə ˈsaɪkəl ʌv ðæt ˈledʒənd/
Line 4
The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.
Line 5
The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.
/ðə hoʊl ɪz sərˈaʊndɪd wɪð ðə ˈætməsfɪr ʌv ðə ˈkɪŋli eɪdʒ ʌv ɡriːs ənd ðə rɪˈzʌlt ɪz ðə ˈɑːdəsi wɪð ðæt ˈjuːnəti ʌv plɑːt ənd vərˈaɪəti ʌv ˈkerɪktər wɪtʃ mʌst hæv bɪn ˈɡɪvən baɪ wʌn ˈmæstərli kənˈstrʌktɪv ˈdʒiːnjəs/
Line 6
The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.
Line 7
(_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.
Line 8
But this is matter for a separate investigation. The Odyssey
/bʌt ðɪs ɪz ˈmætər fɔːr ə ˈsepəreɪt ˌɪnvestəˈɡeɪʃən ðə ˈɑːdəsi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Brunn noun US /brʌn/

an industrial city in Moravia in Czech Republic to the southeast of Prague

From this reading “(_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.”

cogency noun US /ˈkoʊdʒənsi/

persuasive relevance

From this reading “(_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.”

Cyclops noun US /ˈsaɪklɔːps/

(Greek mythology) one of a group of giants having a single eye in the middle of their forehead

From this reading “The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.”

epics noun US /ˈepɪks/

plural of “epic” — a long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds

From this reading “The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.”

Finns noun US /fɪnz/

plural of “finn” — a native or inhabitant of Finland

From this reading “The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.”

gravitated verb US /ˈɡrævəteɪtɪd/

past form of “gravitate” — move toward

From this reading ““We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.”

Phoenician noun US /fəˈniːʃən/

a member of an ancient Semitic people who dominated trade in the first millennium B.C.

From this reading “The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.”

Scandinavians noun US /ˌskændɪˈneɪviənz/

plural of “scandinavian” — an inhabitant of Scandinavia

From this reading “The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.”

All words in this reading · 170

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

absencenounUS /ˈæbsəns/

the state of being absent

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

adventuresnounUS /ædˈventʃərz/

plural of “adventure” — a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.

approximatelyadverbUS /əˈprɑːksəmətli/

(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

argumentsnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənts/

plural of “argument” — a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.

AssyriannounUS /əˈsɪriən/

an inhabitant of ancient Assyria

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

atmospherenounUS /ˈætməsfɪr/

a particular environment or surrounding influence

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

AztecsnounUS /ˈæzteks/

plural of “aztec” — a member of the Nahuatl people who established an empire in Mexico that was overthrown by Cortes in 1519

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

BnounUS /biː/

aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

bei

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

BrunnnounUS /brʌn/

an industrial city in Moravia in Czech Republic to the southeast of Prague

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But this is matter for a separate investigation. The Odyssey

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

ChinanounUS /ˈtʃaɪnə/

a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world

From this reading The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.

Circé

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

cogencynounUS /ˈkoʊdʒənsi/

persuasive relevance

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

compositionnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

consistentadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪstənt/

(sometimes followed by “with”) in agreement or consistent or reliable

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

constructiveadjectiveUS /kənˈstrʌktɪv/

constructing or tending to construct or improve or promote development

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.

crusadernounUS /kruːˈseɪdər/

a disputant who advocates reform

From this reading The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.

cyclenounUS /ˈsaɪkəl/

an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs

From this reading “We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.

CyclopsnounUS /ˈsaɪklɔːps/

(Greek mythology) one of a group of giants having a single eye in the middle of their forehead

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

definiteadjectiveUS /ˈdefənət/

precise; explicit and clearly defined

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

descentnounUS /dɪˈsent/

An action of moving downward, dropping, or falling into a deeper place.

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

descriptionsnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃənz/

plural of “description” — a statement that represents something in words

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

detachedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtætʃt/

showing lack of emotional involvement

From this reading The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

DieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

elaborateadjectiveUS /ɪˈlæbrət/

marked by complexity and richness of detail

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

epicadjectiveUS /ˈepɪk/

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

epicsnounUS /ˈepɪks/

plural of “epic” — a long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

EskimonounUS /ˈeskəmoʊ/

a member of a people inhabiting the Arctic (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberia); the Algonquians called them Eskimo (“eaters of raw flesh”) but they call themselves the Inuit (“the people”)

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

EuropeannounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

FinnsnounUS /fɪnz/

plural of “finn” — a native or inhabitant of Finland

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

Gaels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

germnounUS /dʒɜːrm/

anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

gravitatedverbUS /ˈɡrævəteɪtɪd/

past form of “gravitate” — move toward

From this reading “We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

GreecenounUS /ɡriːs/

a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.

hellnounUS /hel/

any place of pain and turmoil

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

hero'snounUS /ˈhɪroʊz/

possessive form of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

Hindoos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

HomernounUS /ˈhoʊmər/

a base hit on which the batter scores a run

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

incidentnounUS /ˈɪnsədənt/

a single distinct event

From this reading The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.

influencesnounUS /ˈɪnfluːənsɪz/

plural of “influence” — a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading “We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.

investigationnounUS /ˌɪnvestəˈɡeɪʃən/

an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities

From this reading But this is matter for a separate investigation. The Odyssey

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

IslandersnounUS /ˈaɪləndərz/

plural of “islander” — an inhabitant of an island

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.

kinglyadjectiveUS /ˈkɪŋli/

having the rank of or resembling or befitting a king

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

Kunst

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

legendnounUS /ˈledʒənd/

a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events

From this reading “We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

masterlyadjectiveUS /ˈmæstərli/

having or revealing supreme mastery or skill

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading But this is matter for a separate investigation. The Odyssey

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.

modenounUS /moʊd/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

ninthnounUS /naɪnθ/

position nine in a countable series of things

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

occursverbUS /əˈkɜːrz/

third-person singular of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.

OdysseynounUS /ˈɑːdəsi/

a long wandering and eventful journey

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading “We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

Phaeacians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

PhoeniciannounUS /fəˈniːʃən/

a member of an ancient Semitic people who dominated trade in the first millennium B.C.

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

plotnounUS /plɑːt/

a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

predominatedverbUS /prɪˈdɑːməneɪtɪd/

past form of “predominate” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

priori

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

prudentadjectiveUS /ˈpruːdənt/

careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

recogniseverbUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/

show approval or appreciation of

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

RussiansnounUS /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

ScandinaviansnounUS /ˌskændɪˈneɪviənz/

plural of “scandinavian” — an inhabitant of Scandinavia

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

separateverbUS /ˈsepəreɪt/

act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading But this is matter for a separate investigation. The Odyssey

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

SirensnounUS /ˈsaɪrənz/

plural of “siren” — a sea nymph (part woman and part bird) supposed to lure sailors to destruction on the rocks where the nymphs lived

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

South-Sea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading “We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

talesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

TartarsnounUS /ˈtɑːrtərz/

plural of “tartar” — a salt used especially in baking powder

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading “We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But this is matter for a separate investigation. The Odyssey

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader.

TroynounUS /trɔɪ/

a system of weights used for precious metals and gemstones; based on a 12-ounce pound and an ounce of 480 grains

From this reading “We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.

unitynounUS /ˈjuːnəti/

an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius.

warriornounUS /ˈwɔːriər/

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading “We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

Wolfian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

wovenadjectiveUS /ˈwoʊvən/

made or constructed by interlacing threads or strips of material or other elements into a whole

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading (_Die Kunst bei Homer._ Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the _a priori_ Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circé, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo.

Chapter 1 of The Odyssey of Homer by 751? BCE-651? BCE Homer holds 263 sentences, grouped into 53 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Odyssey of Homer contain?

Chapter 1 holds 263 sentences of The Odyssey of Homer, unabridged, divided into 53 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Odyssey of Homer by 751? BCE-651? BCE Homer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 263 sentences, grouped into 53 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Odyssey of Homer?

Work through the 53 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 53 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Odyssey of Homer

Common questions about reading The Odyssey of Homer by 751? BCE-651? BCE Homer on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Odyssey of Homer?

Yes. All 5081 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1728 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Odyssey of Homer is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1728, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Odyssey of Homer take to read?

About 423 minutes of reading across 1017 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Odyssey of Homer section by section

How to work through The Odyssey of Homer section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of The Odyssey of Homer to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Odyssey of Homer

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Odyssey of Homer, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Weary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Odyssey of Homer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Space
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Odyssey of Homer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lulled
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Odyssey of Homer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Circe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Odyssey of Homer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.