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The Old Countess
The Old Countess

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Old Countess is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Old Countess
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ON THE WAY TO HOUGHTON CASTLE.
At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.
Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.
Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.
But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Old Countess

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Old Countess is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ON THE WAY TO HOUGHTON CASTLE.
/ɑːn ðə weɪ tuː ˈhɔːtən ˈkæsəl/
Line 2
At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.
Line 3
Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.
Line 4
Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.
Line 5
But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.
/bʌt ðə ˈwʊmən hæd bɪn bred tuː ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈæbdʒekt səbˈsɜːrviəns ənd hæd noʊ aɪˈdiːə ʌv ˈventʃərɪŋ əˈpɑːn ˈspoʊkən ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm ɔːr ædˈvaɪs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

grievously adverb US /ˈɡriːvəsli/

in a grievous manner

From this reading “Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.”

houghton noun US /ˈhɔːtən/

United States publisher who founded a printing shop that became an important book publisher (1823-1895)

From this reading “ON THE WAY TO HOUGHTON CASTLE.”

jaunty adjective US /ˈdʒɔːnti/

marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners

From this reading “Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.”

protracted adjective US /proʊˈtræktɪd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading “At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.”

sailor's noun US /ˈseɪlərz/

possessive form of “sailor” — any member of a ship's crew

From this reading “Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.”

scandalized verb US /ˈskændəlaɪzd/

past form of “scandalize” — strike with disgust or revulsion

From this reading “Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.”

subservience noun US /səbˈsɜːrviəns/

the condition of being something that is useful in reaching an end or carrying out a plan

From this reading “But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.”

venturing verb US /ˈventʃərɪŋ/

-ing form of “venture” — proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers

From this reading “But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

own devices verb + noun

In this reading “Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.”

young man adjective + noun

a teenager or a young adult male

In this reading “At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.”

dwelt upon verb + particle counted as “dwell upon”

In this reading “Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.”

sailor's hat noun + noun counted as “sailor hat”

In this reading “Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.”

took the seat verb + article + noun counted as “take … seat”

In this reading “At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.”

At the junction preposition + article + noun counted as “at … junction”

In this reading “At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.”

preparing for verb + particle counted as “prepare for”

prepare mentally or emotionally for something unpleasant

In this reading “Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.”

wandered from verb + particle counted as “wander from”

In this reading “Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

abjectadjectiveUS /ˈæbdʒekt/

of the most contemptible kind

From this reading But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.

advicenounUS /ædˈvaɪs/

a proposal for an appropriate course of action

From this reading But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

antiqueadjectiveUS /ænˈtiːk/

made in or typical of earlier times and valued for its age

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

arrangedadjectiveUS /ərˈeɪndʒd/

disposed or placed in a particular kind of order

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

attendantnounUS /əˈtendənt/

someone who waits on or tends to or attends to the needs of another

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

bredverbUS /bred/

inflected form of “breed” — call forth

From this reading But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

carsnounUS /kɑːrz/

plural of “car” — a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

CASTLEnounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading ON THE WAY TO HOUGHTON CASTLE.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

Clara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

comfortablyadverbUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbli/

in mental comfort; without stress

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

costumenounUS /kɑːˈstuːm/

the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.

devicesnounUS /dɪˈvaɪsəz/

an inclination or desire; used in the plural in the phrase “left to your own devices”

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

double-breastedadjective

(of clothing) fastened by lapping one edge of the front well over the other usually with a double row of buttons

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

dweltverbUS /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

glanceverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

grievouslyadverbUS /ˈɡriːvəsli/

in a grievous manner

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

HOUGHTONnounUS /ˈhɔːtən/

United States publisher who founded a printing shop that became an important book publisher (1823-1895)

From this reading ON THE WAY TO HOUGHTON CASTLE.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

jacketnounUS /ˈdʒækət/

a short coat

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

jauntyadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɔːnti/

marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

junctionnounUS /ˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

the place where two or more things come together

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

Margaret

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading ON THE WAY TO HOUGHTON CASTLE.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

preparingverbUS /priˈperɪŋ/

-ing form of “prepare” — make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

protectverbUS /prəˈtekt/

shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

protractedadjectiveUS /proʊˈtræktɪd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

railroadnounUS /ˈreɪlroʊd/

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

sailor'snounUS /ˈseɪlərz/

possessive form of “sailor” — any member of a ship's crew

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

scandalizedverbUS /ˈskændəlaɪzd/

past form of “scandalize” — strike with disgust or revulsion

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

selectedadjectiveUS /səˈlektɪd/

chosen in preference to another

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

spokenadjectiveUS /ˈspoʊkən/

uttered through the medium of speech or characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination

From this reading But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.

subserviencenounUS /səbˈsɜːrviəns/

the condition of being something that is useful in reaching an end or carrying out a plan

From this reading But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ON THE WAY TO HOUGHTON CASTLE.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ON THE WAY TO HOUGHTON CASTLE.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

travellingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

vacantadjectiveUS /ˈveɪkənt/

void of intelligence or thought

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

venturingverbUS /ˈventʃərɪŋ/

-ing form of “venture” — proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers

From this reading But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.

wanderedverbUS /ˈwɑːndərd/

past form of “wander” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

watchedverbUS /wɑːtʃt/

past form of “watch” — look attentively

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

WAYnounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading ON THE WAY TO HOUGHTON CASTLE.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Clara had been left to her own devices while preparing for her journey, and the antique attendant who had been sent to protect her was grievously scandalized by the jaunty little sailor's hat and double-breasted jacket which she had selected for her travelling costume.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Lady Clara watched him with some interest, and more than once caught a glance from his fine eyes as they wandered from the pages of his novel and dwelt upon her own bright face.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading But the woman had been bred to almost abject subservience, and had no idea of venturing upon spoken criticism or advice.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading At the junction of the railroad where Margaret changed cars for London, a young man, who had just arrived by the train, took the seat left vacant, and arranged himself comfortably for a protracted journey.

Chapter 21 of The Old Countess by Ann S. (Ann Sophia) Stephens holds 116 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Old Countess contain?

Chapter 21 holds 116 sentences of The Old Countess, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Old Countess by Ann S. (Ann Sophia) Stephens exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 116 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Old Countess?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Old Countess

Common questions about reading The Old Countess by Ann S. (Ann Sophia) Stephens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Old Countess?

Yes. All 5179 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #29862 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Old Countess is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #29862, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Old Countess take to read?

About 431 minutes of reading across 1036 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Old Countess section by section

How to work through The Old Countess section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of The Old Countess to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Old Countess

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Old Countess, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Countess
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old Countess; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Proposals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old Countess; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stephens
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old Countess; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old Countess; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.