Chapter XV

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Notwithstanding all that had been done by the Act of 1796, and the superintendence which was exercised over the Company, the latter was anything but prosperous.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Notwithstanding all that had been done by the Act of 1796, and the superintendence which was exercised over the Company, the latter was anything but prosperous.

plural of “advance” — a movement forward

From this reading This meant not only the loss to the Company of the rich cargoes, but of the advances to the owners amounting to thousands of pounds.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Notwithstanding all that had been done by the Act of 1796, and the superintendence which was exercised over the Company, the latter was anything but prosperous.

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading There had been the losses of those ships already mentioned, owing to disasters at sea.

in addition

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

-ing form of “amount” — be tantamount or equivalent to

From this reading This meant not only the loss to the Company of the rich cargoes, but of the advances to the owners amounting to thousands of pounds.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

any thing at all

From this reading Notwithstanding all that had been done by the Act of 1796, and the superintendence which was exercised over the Company, the latter was anything but prosperous.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

confusion resulting from failure to understand

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading This meant not only the loss to the Company of the rich cargoes, but of the advances to the owners amounting to thousands of pounds.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Notwithstanding all that had been done by the Act of 1796, and the superintendence which was exercised over the Company, the latter was anything but prosperous.

plural of “cargo” — goods carried by a large vehicle

From this reading This meant not only the loss to the Company of the rich cargoes, but of the advances to the owners amounting to thousands of pounds.

a period of 100 years

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

one of the large landmasses of the earth

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

past form of “curtail” — place restrictions on

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

a period of 10 years

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

plural of “disaster” — a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading There had been the losses of those ships already mentioned, owing to disasters at sea.

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Notwithstanding all that had been done by the Act of 1796, and the superintendence which was exercised over the Company, the latter was anything but prosperous.

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

to an extreme degree

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

past form of “exercise” — put to use

From this reading Notwithstanding all that had been done by the Act of 1796, and the superintendence which was exercised over the Company, the latter was anything but prosperous.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

usually; as a rule

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

the act of departing

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

plural of “good” — benefit

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

past form of “interfere” — come between so as to be hindrance or obstacle

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Notwithstanding all that had been done by the Act of 1796, and the superintendence which was exercised over the Company, the latter was anything but prosperous.

something that is lost

From this reading This meant not only the loss to the Company of the rich cargoes, but of the advances to the owners amounting to thousands of pounds.

something lost (especially money lost at gambling)

From this reading There had been the losses of those ships already mentioned, owing to disasters at sea.

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading This meant not only the loss to the Company of the rich cargoes, but of the advances to the owners amounting to thousands of pounds.

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading There had been the losses of those ships already mentioned, owing to disasters at sea.

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

and nothing more

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading This meant not only the loss to the Company of the rich cargoes, but of the advances to the owners amounting to thousands of pounds.

despite anything to the contrary (usually preceding a concession)

From this reading Notwithstanding all that had been done by the Act of 1796, and the superintendence which was exercised over the Company, the latter was anything but prosperous.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

and nothing more

From this reading This meant not only the loss to the Company of the rich cargoes, but of the advances to the owners amounting to thousands of pounds.

above and across; more than

From this reading Notwithstanding all that had been done by the Act of 1796, and the superintendence which was exercised over the Company, the latter was anything but prosperous.

owed as a debt

From this reading There had been the losses of those ships already mentioned, owing to disasters at sea.

plural of “owner” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading This meant not only the loss to the Company of the rich cargoes, but of the advances to the owners amounting to thousands of pounds.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

the local environment

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

plural of “pound” — 16 ounces avoirdupois

From this reading This meant not only the loss to the Company of the rich cargoes, but of the advances to the owners amounting to thousands of pounds.

in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich

From this reading Notwithstanding all that had been done by the Act of 1796, and the superintendence which was exercised over the Company, the latter was anything but prosperous.

possessing material wealth

From this reading This meant not only the loss to the Company of the rich cargoes, but of the advances to the owners amounting to thousands of pounds.

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading There had been the losses of those ships already mentioned, owing to disasters at sea.

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

management by overseeing the performance or operation of a person or group

From this reading Notwithstanding all that had been done by the Act of 1796, and the superintendence which was exercised over the Company, the latter was anything but prosperous.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

in or at that place or location

From this reading There had been the losses of those ships already mentioned, owing to disasters at sea.

for that reason; as a result

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This meant not only the loss to the Company of the rich cargoes, but of the advances to the owners amounting to thousands of pounds.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading There had been the losses of those ships already mentioned, owing to disasters at sea.

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading This meant not only the loss to the Company of the rich cargoes, but of the advances to the owners amounting to thousands of pounds.

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There had been the losses of those ships already mentioned, owing to disasters at sea.

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

precisely as stated

From this reading AT SEA IN THE EAST INDIAMEN The first decade of the nineteenth century had been very unfortunate for the East India Company.

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Notwithstanding all that had been done by the Act of 1796, and the superintendence which was exercised over the Company, the latter was anything but prosperous.

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.

in the company of; together with

From this reading The French war had also not merely interfered with the coming and going of the merchant ships, but it had thrown the whole of Europe into such a state of bewilderment that commerce generally was paralysed, and therefore the trade in Indian goods to the different parts of the Continent was exceedingly curtailed.