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The Old East Indiamen
The Old East Indiamen

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Old East Indiamen is here in full — 119 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.
It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.
The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.
To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.
To a certain extent this happened in the time when the East Indiamen flourished.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Old East Indiamen

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Old East Indiamen is here in full — 119 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.
Line 2
It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.
/ɪt wɪl naʊ biː ˈaʊər ˈduːti tuː ɡɪv sʌm ˈɪnstənsəz ʌv ðiːz ənd tuː ʃoʊ ðæt ɪf ðə ˈkæptənz ənd ˈɔːfəsərz ʌv ðə ˈkʌmpəniz ʃɪps rəˈsiːvd bɪɡ rɪˈwɔːrdz fɔːr ðer fjuː ˈvɔɪədʒəz ðeɪ wɜːr ˈsɜːrtənli enˈtaɪtəld tuː ə haɪ reɪt ʌv rɪˌmjuːnərˈeɪʃən kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ˈdeɪndʒərz wɪtʃ hæd tuː biː ɪnˈkaʊntərd æz rɪˈɡɑːrdz ʃɪps ˈkɑːrɡoʊz ənd ˈhjuːmən lɪvz/
Line 3
The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.
Line 4
To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.
Line 5
To a certain extent this happened in the time when the East Indiamen flourished.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cargoes noun US /ˈkɑːrɡoʊz/

plural of “cargo” — goods carried by a large vehicle

From this reading “It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.”

Company's noun US /ˈkʌmpəniz/

possessive form of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

convoy noun US /ˈkɑːnvɔɪ/

a procession of land vehicles traveling together

From this reading “To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.”

cruisers noun US /ˈkruːzərz/

plural of “cruiser” — a car in which policemen cruise the streets; equipped with radiotelephonic communications to headquarters

From this reading “To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.”

endangered adjective US /enˈdeɪndʒərd/

(of flora or fauna) in imminent danger of extinction

From this reading “To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.”

mercantile adjective US /ˈmɜːrkəntaɪl/

of or relating to the economic system of mercantilism

From this reading “OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.”

overseas adverb US /ˈoʊvərˈsiːz/

beyond or across the sea

From this reading “The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.”

remuneration noun US /rɪˌmjuːnərˈeɪʃən/

something that remunerates

From this reading “It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

certain extent adjective + noun

In this reading “To a certain extent this happened in the time when the East Indiamen flourished.”

wait till verb + particle

In this reading “To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.”

human lives adjective + noun counted as “human life”

In this reading “It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.”

high rate adjective + noun

In this reading “It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.”

other country adjective + noun

In this reading “To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.”

remain in verb + particle

In this reading “To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.”

in regard preposition + noun

In this reading “OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.”

All words in this reading · 118

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

basisnounUS /ˈbeɪsəs/

a relation that provides the foundation for something

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

captainsnounUS /ˈkæptənz/

plural of “captain” — an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

cargoesnounUS /ˈkɑːrɡoʊz/

plural of “cargo” — goods carried by a large vehicle

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading To a certain extent this happened in the time when the East Indiamen flourished.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

certaintynounUS /ˈsɜːrtənti/

the state of being certain

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

Company'snounUS /ˈkʌmpəniz/

possessive form of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

consideringverbUS /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “consider” — deem to be

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

convoynounUS /ˈkɑːnvɔɪ/

a procession of land vehicles traveling together

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

cruisersnounUS /ˈkruːzərz/

plural of “cruiser” — a car in which policemen cruise the streets; equipped with radiotelephonic communications to headquarters

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

dangersnounUS /ˈdeɪndʒərz/

plural of “danger” — the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

DEFENCEnounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

encounteredverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntərd/

past form of “encounter” — come together

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

endangeredadjectiveUS /enˈdeɪndʒərd/

(of flora or fauna) in imminent danger of extinction

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

entitledadjectiveUS /enˈtaɪtəld/

qualified for by right according to law

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

essentialadjectiveUS /eˈsenʃəl/

absolutely necessary; vitally necessary

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading To a certain extent this happened in the time when the East Indiamen flourished.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

flourishedverbUS /ˈflɜːrɪʃt/

past form of “flourish” — grow vigorously

From this reading To a certain extent this happened in the time when the East Indiamen flourished.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading To a certain extent this happened in the time when the East Indiamen flourished.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

Indiamen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

instancesnounUS /ˈɪnstənsəz/

plural of “instance” — an occurrence of something

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

lawfuladjectiveUS /ˈlɔːfəl/

conformable to or allowed by law

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

mercantileadjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrkəntaɪl/

of or relating to the economic system of mercantilism

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

merchantnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

navynounUS /ˈneɪvi/

an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

OFFENCEnoun

the action of attacking an enemy

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

overseasadverbUS /ˈoʊvərˈsiːz/

beyond or across the sea

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

piratesnounUS /ˈpaɪrəts/

plural of “pirate” — someone who uses another person's words or ideas as if they were his own

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

portnounUS /pɔːrt/

a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

possessingverbUS /pəˈzesɪŋ/

-ing form of “possess” — have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

privateers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

ratenounUS /reɪt/

a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

referencenounUS /ˈrefərəns/

a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

regardsnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdz/

plural of “regard” — (usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

remunerationnounUS /rɪˌmjuːnərˈeɪʃən/

something that remunerates

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

rewardsnounUS /rɪˈwɔːrdz/

plural of “reward” — a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

risksnounUS /rɪsks/

plural of “risk” — a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading To a certain extent this happened in the time when the East Indiamen flourished.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading To a certain extent this happened in the time when the East Indiamen flourished.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

To-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

trade-carriers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

voyagesnounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒəz/

plural of “voyage” — an act of traveling by water

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

waitverbUS /weɪt/

stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading To a certain extent this happened in the time when the East Indiamen flourished.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading OFFENCE AND DEFENCE We have made reference during the course of our story to the grave risks which were run by the mercantile East Indiamen in regard to pirates and privateers.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It will now be our duty to give some instances of these and to show that if the captains and officers of the Company’s ships received big rewards for their few voyages, they were certainly entitled to a high rate of remuneration considering the dangers which had to be encountered as regards ships, cargoes and human lives.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The very essential basis of overseas trade is that trade-carriers shall be able to go about their lawful business with some certainty of not being attacked on the way.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading To-day, if a war broke out between our own and some other country possessing a navy, the merchant ships would be so endangered that they would either have to remain in port or else wait till our cruisers could convoy them.

Chapter 20 of The Old East Indiamen by E. Keble (Edward Keble) Chatterton holds 119 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Old East Indiamen contain?

Chapter 20 holds 119 sentences of The Old East Indiamen, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Old East Indiamen by E. Keble (Edward Keble) Chatterton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 119 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Old East Indiamen?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Old East Indiamen

Common questions about reading The Old East Indiamen by E. Keble (Edward Keble) Chatterton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Old East Indiamen?

Yes. All 3333 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54561 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Old East Indiamen is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54561, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Old East Indiamen take to read?

About 277 minutes of reading across 667 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Old East Indiamen section by section

How to work through The Old East Indiamen section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 23 chapters of The Old East Indiamen to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Old East Indiamen

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Old East Indiamen, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old East Indiamen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old East Indiamen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Invite
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old East Indiamen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reader
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old East Indiamen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.