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The Old Merchant Marine
The Old Merchant Marine

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Old Merchant Marine is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.
It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.
Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.
They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.
They were capable of manning what was, in fact, a private navy comprised of fast and formidable cruisers.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Old Merchant Marine

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Old Merchant Marine is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.
Line 2
It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.
/ɪt wɑːz ðə wɜːrk ʌv ə reɪs ʌv ˈmɜːr.tʃənt ˈsiːmən huː hæd faʊnd ðemˈselvz huː wɜːr ɪn ðə ˈfɔːrfrʌnt ʌv ðə wɜːrldz treɪd ənd ˈkɑːmərs ənd huː wɜːr ɪˈkwɪpt tuː ˈtʃæləndʒ ðə ˈenəmiz prəˈtenʃənz tuː səˈpreməsi əˈfloʊt/
Line 3
Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.
/wʌns mɔːr ðer wɑːz ə mɪr ˈʃæd.oʊ ʌv ə ˈneɪvi tuː prəˈtekt ðem bʌt ðeɪ hæd lɜːrnd tuː trʌst ðer oʊn ˈriːsɔːrsɪz/
Line 4
They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.
/ðeɪ wʊd send tuː siː ˈfjuːər ʌv ðə smɔːl kræft sloʊ ənd ˈpuːrli ɑːrmd ənd ˈlaɪkli tuː miːt dɪˈzæstər/
Line 5
They were capable of manning what was, in fact, a private navy comprised of fast and formidable cruisers.
/ðeɪ wɜːr ˈkeɪpəbəl ʌv ˈmænɪŋ wʌt wɑːz ɪn fækt ə ˈpraɪvət ˈneɪvi kəmˈpraɪzd ʌv fæst ənd ˈfɔːrmədəbəl ˈkruːzərz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bolder adjective US /ˈboʊldər/

comparative of “bold” — fearless and daring

From this reading “American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.”

comprised verb US /kəmˈpraɪzd/

past form of “comprise” — be composed of

From this reading “They were capable of manning what was, in fact, a private navy comprised of fast and formidable cruisers.”

cruisers noun US /ˈkruːzərz/

plural of “cruiser” — a car in which policemen cruise the streets; equipped with radiotelephonic communications to headquarters

From this reading “They were capable of manning what was, in fact, a private navy comprised of fast and formidable cruisers.”

enemy's noun US /ˈenəmiz/

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading “It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.”

forefront noun US /ˈfɔːrfrʌnt/

the part in the front or nearest the viewer

From this reading “It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.”

manning verb US /ˈmænɪŋ/

inflected form of “man” — take charge of a certain job; occupy a certain work place

From this reading “They were capable of manning what was, in fact, a private navy comprised of fast and formidable cruisers.”

poorly adverb US /ˈpuːrli/

(“ill” is often used as a combining form) in a poor or improper or unsatisfactory manner; not well

From this reading “They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.”

supremacy noun US /səˈpreməsi/

power to dominate or defeat

From this reading “It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1812

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

afloatadjectiveUS /əˈfloʊt/

aimlessly drifting

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.

bolderadjectiveUS /ˈboʊldər/

comparative of “bold” — fearless and daring

From this reading American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.

capableadjectiveUS /ˈkeɪpəbəl/

(usually followed by “of”) having capacity or ability

From this reading They were capable of manning what was, in fact, a private navy comprised of fast and formidable cruisers.

challengeverbUS /ˈtʃæləndʒ/

take exception to

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

commercenounUS /ˈkɑːmərs/

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

comprisedverbUS /kəmˈpraɪzd/

past form of “comprise” — be composed of

From this reading They were capable of manning what was, in fact, a private navy comprised of fast and formidable cruisers.

craftnounUS /kræft/

the skilled practice of a practical occupation

From this reading They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.

cruisersnounUS /ˈkruːzərz/

plural of “cruiser” — a car in which policemen cruise the streets; equipped with radiotelephonic communications to headquarters

From this reading They were capable of manning what was, in fact, a private navy comprised of fast and formidable cruisers.

disasternounUS /dɪˈzæstər/

a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.

enemy'snounUS /ˈenəmiz/

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

equippedadjectiveUS /ɪˈkwɪpt/

provided or fitted out with what is necessary or useful or appropriate

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading They were capable of manning what was, in fact, a private navy comprised of fast and formidable cruisers.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading They were capable of manning what was, in fact, a private navy comprised of fast and formidable cruisers.

feweradjectiveUS /ˈfjuːər/

(comparative of “few” used with count nouns) quantifier meaning a smaller number of

From this reading They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.

forefrontnounUS /ˈfɔːrfrʌnt/

the part in the front or nearest the viewer

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

formidableadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmədəbəl/

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading They were capable of manning what was, in fact, a private navy comprised of fast and formidable cruisers.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.

manningverbUS /ˈmænɪŋ/

inflected form of “man” — take charge of a certain job; occupy a certain work place

From this reading They were capable of manning what was, in fact, a private navy comprised of fast and formidable cruisers.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.

merchantnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.

navynounUS /ˈneɪvi/

an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

OnceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.

poorlyadverbUS /ˈpuːrli/

(“ill” is often used as a combining form) in a poor or improper or unsatisfactory manner; not well

From this reading They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.

pretensionsnounUS /prəˈtenʃənz/

plural of “pretension” — a false or unsupportable quality

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading They were capable of manning what was, in fact, a private navy comprised of fast and formidable cruisers.

privateering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.

protectverbUS /prəˈtekt/

shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage

From this reading Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

resourcesnounUS /ˈriːsɔːrsɪz/

plural of “resource” — available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed

From this reading Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.

RevolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.

seamennounUS /ˈsiːmən/

plural of “seaman” — a man who serves as a sailor

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.

supremacynounUS /səˈpreməsi/

power to dominate or defeat

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

trustnounUS /trʌst/

something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading Once more there was a mere shadow of a navy to protect them, but they had learned to trust their own resources.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading American privateering in 1812 was even bolder and more successful than during the Revolution.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading They were capable of manning what was, in fact, a private navy comprised of fast and formidable cruisers.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

world'snounUS /wɜːrldz/

possessive form of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading It was the work of a race of merchant seamen who had found themselves, who were in the forefront of the world's trade and commerce, and who were equipped to challenge the enemy's pretensions to supremacy afloat.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading They would send to sea fewer of the small craft, slow and poorly armed, and likely to meet disaster.

Chapter 7 of The Old Merchant Marine by Ralph Delahaye Paine holds 143 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Old Merchant Marine contain?

Chapter 7 holds 143 sentences of The Old Merchant Marine, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Old Merchant Marine by Ralph Delahaye Paine exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 143 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Old Merchant Marine?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Old Merchant Marine

Common questions about reading The Old Merchant Marine by Ralph Delahaye Paine on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Old Merchant Marine?

Yes. All 1561 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3099 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Old Merchant Marine is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3099, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Old Merchant Marine take to read?

About 130 minutes of reading across 313 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Old Merchant Marine section by section

How to work through The Old Merchant Marine section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Old Merchant Marine

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Old Merchant Marine, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old Merchant Marine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old Merchant Marine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ships
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old Merchant Marine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sailors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old Merchant Marine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.