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The Old Merchant Marine
The Old Merchant Marine

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Old Merchant Marine is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.
Their era antedated that of the clipper and was wholly distinct.
The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.
Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.
In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Old Merchant Marine

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Old Merchant Marine is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.
Line 2
Their era antedated that of the clipper and was wholly distinct.
Line 3
The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.
Line 4
Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.
/nɑːt fɔːr hɜːr ðə træŋˈkwɪlɪti ʌv ˈtrɑːpɪk siːz ənd ðə breθ ʌv ðə pəˈsɪfɪk treɪdz bʌt æn ˈɔːlmoʊst ˌɪnˈsesənt ˈbætəl wɪð ˈswɪŋɪŋ ˈsɜːrdʒəz ənd ˈbɔɪstərəs wɪndz fɔːr ʃiː wɑːz ˈdrɪvən ˈhɑːrdər ɪn ɔːl ˈweðərz ənd ˈsiːzənz ðæn ˈeni ˈʌðər ʃɪps ðæt seɪld/
Line 5
In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

battering noun US /ˈbætərɪŋ/

the act of subjecting to strong attack

From this reading “In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.”

clipper noun US /ˈklɪpər/

(electronics) a nonlinear electronic circuit whose output is limited in amplitude; used to limit the instantaneous amplitude of a waveform (to clip off the peaks of a waveform)

From this reading “Their era antedated that of the clipper and was wholly distinct.”

liner noun US /ˈlaɪnər/

(baseball) a hit that flies straight out from the batter

From this reading “The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.”

obsolete adjective US /ˈɑːbsəliːt/

no longer in use

From this reading “It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.”

supremacy noun US /səˈpreməsi/

power to dominate or defeat

From this reading “It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.”

surges noun US /ˈsɜːrdʒəz/

plural of “surge” — a sudden forceful flow

From this reading “Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.”

tropic adjective US /ˈtrɑːpɪk/

relating to or situated in or characteristic of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator)

From this reading “Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.”

weathers noun US /ˈweðərz/

plural of “weather” — the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading “Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

antedated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their era antedated that of the clipper and was wholly distinct.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

AtlanticnounUS /ətˈlæntɪk/

the 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

batteringnounUS /ˈbætərɪŋ/

the act of subjecting to strong attack

From this reading In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

boisterousadjectiveUS /ˈbɔɪstərəs/

noisy and lacking in restraint or discipline

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

breathnounUS /breθ/

the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

clippernounUS /ˈklɪpər/

(electronics) a nonlinear electronic circuit whose output is limited in amplitude; used to limit the instantaneous amplitude of a waveform (to clip off the peaks of a waveform)

From this reading Their era antedated that of the clipper and was wholly distinct.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

contestnounUS /ˈkɑːntest/

an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading Their era antedated that of the clipper and was wholly distinct.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

eranounUS /ˈerə/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading Their era antedated that of the clipper and was wholly distinct.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

freightnounUS /freɪt/

goods carried by a large vehicle

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

harderadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdər/

comparative of “hard” — with effort or force or vigor

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

incessantadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsesənt/

uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

linernounUS /ˈlaɪnər/

(baseball) a hit that flies straight out from the batter

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

obsoleteadjectiveUS /ˈɑːbsəliːt/

no longer in use

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

OceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

ownersnounUS /ˈoʊnərz/

plural of “owner” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

PacificnounUS /pəˈsɪfɪk/

the largest ocean in the world

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

packetnounUS /ˈpækət/

a collection of things wrapped or boxed together

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

passengersnounUS /ˈpæsəndʒərz/

plural of “passenger” — a traveler riding in a vehicle (a boat or bus or car or plane or train etc) who is not operating it

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

rivalsnounUS /ˈraɪvəlz/

plural of “rival” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

sailedverbUS /seɪld/

past form of “sail” — traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

sailings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

sailormen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

seasnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

seasonsnounUS /ˈsiːzənz/

plural of “season” — a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

slenderadjectiveUS /ˈslendər/

being of delicate or slender build

From this reading In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.

spars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.

steamverbUS /stiːm/

travel by means of steam power

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

stormyadjectiveUS /ˈstɔːrmi/

(especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.

supremacynounUS /səˈpreməsi/

power to dominate or defeat

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

surgesnounUS /ˈsɜːrdʒəz/

plural of “surge” — a sudden forceful flow

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

swingingnounUS /ˈswɪŋɪŋ/

changing location by moving back and forth

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their era antedated that of the clipper and was wholly distinct.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.

tradesnounUS /treɪdz/

plural of “trade” — the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

tradingnounUS /ˈtreɪdɪŋ/

buying or selling securities or commodities

From this reading The Atlantic packet was the earliest liner: she made regular sailings and carried freight and passengers instead of trading on her owners' account as was the ancient custom.

tranquillitynounUS /træŋˈkwɪlɪti/

an untroubled state; free from disturbances

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

tropicadjectiveUS /ˈtrɑːpɪk/

relating to or situated in or characteristic of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator)

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

weathersnounUS /ˈweðərz/

plural of “weather” — the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In such battering service as this the lines of the clipper were too extremely fine, her spars too tall and slender.

WesternadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

whollyadverbUS /ˈhoʊli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Their era antedated that of the clipper and was wholly distinct.

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Not for her the tranquillity of tropic seas and the breath of the Pacific trades, but an almost incessant battle with swinging surges and boisterous winds, for she was driven harder in all weathers and seasons than any other ships that sailed.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading It was on the stormy Atlantic, called by sailormen the Western Ocean, that the packet ships won the first great contest for supremacy and knew no rivals until the coming of the age of steam made them obsolete.

Chapter 8 of The Old Merchant Marine by Ralph Delahaye Paine holds 132 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Old Merchant Marine contain?

Chapter 8 holds 132 sentences of The Old Merchant Marine, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Old Merchant Marine by Ralph Delahaye Paine exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 132 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Old Merchant Marine?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Old Merchant Marine

Common questions about reading The Old Merchant Marine by Ralph Delahaye Paine on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Old Merchant Marine?

Yes. All 1561 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3099 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Old Merchant Marine is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3099, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Old Merchant Marine take to read?

About 130 minutes of reading across 313 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Old Merchant Marine section by section

How to work through The Old Merchant Marine section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of The Old Merchant Marine to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Old Merchant Marine

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Old Merchant Marine, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old Merchant Marine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old Merchant Marine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ships
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old Merchant Marine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sailors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Old Merchant Marine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.