Chapter 12 of The Orkney book is here in full — 371 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter XII
Chapter 12 of The Orkney book is here in full — 371 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
APPENDIX II. NORSE WORDS IN ORKNEY PLACE-NAMES. The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning. The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change. 1.
Chapter 12 of The Orkney book is here in full — 371 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/74 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
supplementary material that is collected and appended at the back of a book
From this reading “APPENDIX II.”
under normal conditions
From this reading “The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.”
plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something
From this reading “The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.”
a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right
From this reading “The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.”
give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of
From this reading “The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.”
verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument
From this reading “NORSE WORDS IN ORKNEY PLACE-NAMES.”
an inhabitant of Scandinavia
From this reading “NORSE WORDS IN ORKNEY PLACE-NAMES.”
prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use
From this reading “The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
In this reading “The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 1.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.
give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
supplementary material that is collected and appended at the back of a book
From this reading APPENDIX II.
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
cause to change; make different; cause a transformation
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
under normal conditions
From this reading The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.
apart from; not including
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
about to be mentioned or specified
From this reading The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.
the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
set up or found
From this reading The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.
acknowledged as a supposition
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number
From this reading APPENDIX II.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading NORSE WORDS IN ORKNEY PLACE-NAMES.
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.
a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of
From this reading The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.
limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
the message that is intended or expressed or signified
From this reading The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.
used to form the superlative
From this reading The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.
verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
an inhabitant of Scandinavia
From this reading NORSE WORDS IN ORKNEY PLACE-NAMES.
in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.
(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading NORSE WORDS IN ORKNEY PLACE-NAMES.
the local environment
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading NORSE WORDS IN ORKNEY PLACE-NAMES.
prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.
belonging to the people or things already mentioned
From this reading The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.
the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
in or at the place that
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading The forms in which they now appear, as names or parts of names, are given in italic, except where the old form is preserved with little change.
in the company of; together with
From this reading The following is a list of the Norse words most commonly found in place-names in Orkney, with their meaning.
the words that are spoken
From this reading NORSE WORDS IN ORKNEY PLACE-NAMES.
Chapter 12 of The Orkney book by John, -1939 [Editor] Gunn holds 371 sentences, grouped into 75 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 12 holds 371 sentences of The Orkney book, unabridged, divided into 75 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 12 of The Orkney book by John, -1939 [Editor] Gunn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 371 sentences, grouped into 75 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 75 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 75 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
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Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in The Orkney book, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
