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The Outcaste
The Outcaste

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Outcaste is here in full — 212 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.
In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.
The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.
Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.
The city itself was built upon undulating ground, its centre being the old fort.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Outcaste

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Outcaste is here in full — 212 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.
Line 2
In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.
Line 3
The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.
Line 4
Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.
Line 5
The city itself was built upon undulating ground, its centre being the old fort.
/ðə ˈsɪti ˌɪtˈself wɑːz bɪlt əˈpɑːn ˈʌndʒəleɪtɪŋ ɡraʊnd ɪts ˈsentər ˈbiːɪŋ ðə oʊld fɔːrt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

encroachment noun US /enˈkroʊtʃmənt/

any entry into an area not previously occupied

From this reading “The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.”

extermination noun US /ɪkˌstɜːrməˈneɪʃən/

complete annihilation

From this reading “The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.”

inactivity noun US /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

the state of being inactive

From this reading “Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.”

progressive adjective US /prəˈɡresɪv/

favoring or promoting progress

From this reading “The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.”

ravines noun US /rəˈviːnz/

plural of “ravine” — a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)

From this reading “The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.”

temperate adjective US /ˈtemprət/

(of weather or climate) free from extremes; mild; or characteristic of such weather or climate

From this reading “Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.”

torrid adjective US /ˈtɔːrəd/

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading “Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.”

unmolested adjective US /ˌʌnməˈlestɪd/

not interfered with, disturbed, or harmed

From this reading “The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

temperate zone adjective + noun

the part of the Earth's surface between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer or between the Antarctic Circle and the Tropic of Capricorn; characterized by temperate climate

In this reading “Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.”

virgin forest noun + noun

forest or woodland having a mature or overly mature ecosystem more or less uninfluenced by human activity

In this reading “The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.”

fruit trees noun + noun counted as “fruit tree”

tree bearing edible fruit

In this reading “Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.”

compared with verb + particle counted as “compare with”

In this reading “In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.”

big game adjective + noun

large animals that are hunted for sport

In this reading “The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.”

native state adjective + noun

In this reading “Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.”

hard winters adjective + noun counted as “hard winter”

In this reading “Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.”

rest of verb + particle

In this reading “In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

accountedverbUS /əˈkaʊntɪd/

past form of “account” — be the sole or primary factor in the existence, acquisition, supply, or disposal of something

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The city itself was built upon undulating ground, its centre being the old fort.

BetweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

boundedadjectiveUS /ˈbaʊndəd/

having the limits or boundaries established

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading The city itself was built upon undulating ground, its centre being the old fort.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading The city itself was built upon undulating ground, its centre being the old fort.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

Chirakul

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.

Chirapore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The city itself was built upon undulating ground, its centre being the old fort.

climatenounUS /ˈklaɪmət/

the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

comparedverbUS /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

continualadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəl/

recurring regularly or frequently in a prolonged and closely spaced series

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

cooladjectiveUS /kuːl/

neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

encroachmentnounUS /enˈkroʊtʃmənt/

any entry into an area not previously occupied

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

exterminationnounUS /ɪkˌstɜːrməˈneɪʃən/

complete annihilation

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

fieryadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪəri/

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

flowernounUS /ˈflaʊər/

a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

fortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading The city itself was built upon undulating ground, its centre being the old fort.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

fruitnounUS /fruːt/

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

gamenounUS /ɡeɪm/

a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

Ghats

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

grainnounUS /ɡreɪn/

a relatively small granular particle of a substance

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The city itself was built upon undulating ground, its centre being the old fort.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

harvestnounUS /ˈhɑːrvəst/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

inactivitynounUS /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

the state of being inactive

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

inducedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈduːst/

brought about or caused; not spontaneous

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The city itself was built upon undulating ground, its centre being the old fort.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading The city itself was built upon undulating ground, its centre being the old fort.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

nestledadjectiveUS /ˈnesəld/

drawn or pressed close to someone or something for or as if for affection or protection

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

ninetyadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnti/

being ten more than eighty

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The city itself was built upon undulating ground, its centre being the old fort.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

paralysing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

plateaunounUS /plæˈtoʊ/

a relatively flat highland

From this reading Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.

progressiveadjectiveUS /prəˈɡresɪv/

favoring or promoting progress

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

ravinesnounUS /rəˈviːnz/

plural of “ravine” — a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

regionsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənz/

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

seed-time

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.

spursnounUS /spɜːrz/

plural of “spur” — a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.

subtropicaladjective

of or relating to or characteristic of conditions in the subtropics

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

summersnounUS /ˈsʌmərz/

plural of “summer” — the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

temperateadjectiveUS /ˈtemprət/

(of weather or climate) free from extremes; mild; or characteristic of such weather or climate

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

thermometernounUS /θərˈmɑːmətər/

measuring instrument for measuring temperature

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

topes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

torridadjectiveUS /ˈtɔːrəd/

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

tropicaladjectiveUS /ˈtrɑːpɪkəl/

relating to or situated in or characteristic of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator)

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

undulatingverbUS /ˈʌndʒəleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “undulate” — stir up (water) so as to form ripples

From this reading The city itself was built upon undulating ground, its centre being the old fort.

unmolestedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnməˈlestɪd/

not interfered with, disturbed, or harmed

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

valleysnounUS /ˈvæliz/

plural of “valley” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

virginnounUS /ˈvɜːrdʒɪn/

a person who has never had sex

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

wagesnounUS /ˈweɪdʒəz/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

wanderedverbUS /ˈwɑːndərd/

past form of “wander” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Chirapore, the capital of the large native state of Chirakul was situated on plateau land.

WesternadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The plateau was bounded on one side by hills--spurs of the Western Ghats--where the virgin forest nestled in the ravines and valleys, and big game wandered free and unmolested by the war of extermination that progressive man too often wages in his encroachment upon nature.

wintersnounUS /ˈwɪntərz/

plural of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading In the months of March and April the thermometer rose above ninety degrees; but the rest of the year the climate was subtropical in character, and accounted cool as compared with the plains.

zonenounUS /zoʊn/

a locally circumscribed place characterized by some distinctive features

From this reading Between the hills and Chirapore lay fields of grain and topes of fruit trees, the latter always green in the subtropical climate; there was a continual passing from seed-time to harvest, from flower to fruit without the paralysing inactivity induced by the hard winters of the temperate zone, or the fiery tropical summers of the torrid regions.

Chapter 4 of The Outcaste by F. E. (Fanny Emily), -1939 Penny holds 212 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Outcaste contain?

Chapter 4 holds 212 sentences of The Outcaste, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Outcaste by F. E. (Fanny Emily), -1939 Penny exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 212 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Outcaste?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Outcaste

Common questions about reading The Outcaste by F. E. (Fanny Emily), -1939 Penny on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Outcaste?

Yes. All 6590 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38195 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Outcaste is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38195, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Outcaste take to read?

About 549 minutes of reading across 1318 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Outcaste section by section

How to work through The Outcaste section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of The Outcaste to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Outcaste

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Outcaste, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Aviation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Outcaste; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ground
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Outcaste; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thronged
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Outcaste; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spectators
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Outcaste; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.