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The Oxford Book of American Essays
The Oxford Book of American Essays

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Oxford Book of American Essays is here in full — 395 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.
Then it seemed to strike them suddenly.
"By Jove, you know, fellahs don't fight like that for a shop-till!"
No, I rather think not.
To Americans America is something more than a promise and an expectation.
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The Oxford Book of American Essays

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Oxford Book of American Essays is here in full — 395 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.
/tɪl ˈæftər ˈaʊər ˈsɪvəl wɔːr ɪt ˈnevər siːmd tuː ˈentər ðə hed ʌv ˈeni ˈfɔːrənər əˈspeʃli ʌv ˈeni ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən ðæt æn əˈmerəkən hæd wʌt kʊd biː kɔːld ə ˈkʌntri ɪkˈsept æz ə pleɪs tuː iːt sliːp ənd treɪd ɪn/
Line 2
Then it seemed to strike them suddenly.
/ðen ɪt siːmd tuː straɪk ðem ˈsʌdənli/
Line 3
"By Jove, you know, fellahs don't fight like that for a shop-till!"
Line 4
No, I rather think not.
/noʊ aɪ ˈræðər θɪŋk nɑːt/
Line 5
To Americans America is something more than a promise and an expectation.
/tuː əˈmerəkənz əˈmerəkə ɪz ˈsʌmθɪŋ mɔːr ðæn ə ˈprɑːməs ənd æn ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

America noun US /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading “To Americans America is something more than a promise and an expectation.”

Americans noun US /əˈmerəkənz/

plural of “american” — a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading “To Americans America is something more than a promise and an expectation.”

Civil adjective US /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading “Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.”

Englishman noun US /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən/

a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading “Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.”

expectation noun US /ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/

belief about (or mental picture of) the future

From this reading “To Americans America is something more than a promise and an expectation.”

foreigner noun US /ˈfɔːrənər/

a person who comes from a foreign country; someone who does not owe allegiance to your country

From this reading “Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.”

strike verb US /straɪk/

deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon

From this reading “Then it seemed to strike them suddenly.”

trade noun US /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading “Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Civil War adjective + noun

a war between factions in the same country

In this reading “Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading To Americans America is something more than a promise and an expectation.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

AmericansnounUS /əˈmerəkənz/

plural of “american” — a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading To Americans America is something more than a promise and an expectation.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "By Jove, you know, fellahs don't fight like that for a shop-till!"

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

CiviladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "By Jove, you know, fellahs don't fight like that for a shop-till!"

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

EnglishmannounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən/

a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

enterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

expectationnounUS /ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/

belief about (or mental picture of) the future

From this reading To Americans America is something more than a promise and an expectation.

fellahs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "By Jove, you know, fellahs don't fight like that for a shop-till!"

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading "By Jove, you know, fellahs don't fight like that for a shop-till!"

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "By Jove, you know, fellahs don't fight like that for a shop-till!"

foreignernounUS /ˈfɔːrənər/

a person who comes from a foreign country; someone who does not owe allegiance to your country

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading No, I rather think not.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To Americans America is something more than a promise and an expectation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

Jovenoun

(Roman mythology) supreme god of Romans; counterpart of Greek Zeus

From this reading "By Jove, you know, fellahs don't fight like that for a shop-till!"

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "By Jove, you know, fellahs don't fight like that for a shop-till!"

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading "By Jove, you know, fellahs don't fight like that for a shop-till!"

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading To Americans America is something more than a promise and an expectation.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No, I rather think not.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading No, I rather think not.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

promiseverbUS /ˈprɑːməs/

make a promise or commitment

From this reading To Americans America is something more than a promise and an expectation.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading No, I rather think not.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

shop-till

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "By Jove, you know, fellahs don't fight like that for a shop-till!"

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading To Americans America is something more than a promise and an expectation.

strikeverbUS /straɪk/

deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon

From this reading Then it seemed to strike them suddenly.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading Then it seemed to strike them suddenly.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading To Americans America is something more than a promise and an expectation.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Then it seemed to strike them suddenly.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then it seemed to strike them suddenly.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading No, I rather think not.

TillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Till after our Civil War it never seemed to enter the head of any foreigner, especially of any Englishman, that an American had what could be called a country, except as a place to eat, sleep, and trade in.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "By Jove, you know, fellahs don't fight like that for a shop-till!"

Chapter 7 of The Oxford Book of American Essays by Brander [Editor] Matthews holds 395 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Oxford Book of American Essays contain?

Chapter 7 holds 395 sentences of The Oxford Book of American Essays, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Oxford Book of American Essays by Brander [Editor] Matthews exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 395 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Oxford Book of American Essays?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Oxford Book of American Essays

Common questions about reading The Oxford Book of American Essays by Brander [Editor] Matthews on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Oxford Book of American Essays?

Yes. All 6383 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40196 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Oxford Book of American Essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40196, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Oxford Book of American Essays take to read?

About 531 minutes of reading across 1277 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Oxford Book of American Essays section by section

How to work through The Oxford Book of American Essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Oxford Book of American Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Oxford Book of American Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Professor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Oxford Book of American Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Columbia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Oxford Book of American Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
University
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Oxford Book of American Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Member
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Oxford Book of American Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.