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The Pagan's Progress
The Pagan's Progress

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Pagan's Progress is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.
They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.
He only had to command and he was obeyed; only once was there anything like grumbling.
They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.
Here night overtook them; and as before a bitter frost threatened them with death.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Pagan's Progress

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Pagan's Progress is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.
/ðə deθ ʌv wʌn aɪ frʌm naʊ ɑːn ˈsʌnraɪz wɑːz ðə ˈliːdər ʌv hɪz ˈpiːpəl/
Line 2
They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.
/ðeɪ ˈnevər ɡɑːt ˈoʊvər ðə ˈbʊliɪŋ wɪtʃ hiː ɡeɪv ðem wen ðeɪ wɜːr nʌm ənd ˈempti ʌv faɪt/
Line 3
He only had to command and he was obeyed; only once was there anything like grumbling.
/hiː ˈoʊnli hæd tuː kəˈmænd ənd hiː wɑːz oʊˈbeɪd ˈoʊnli wʌns wɑːz ðer ˈeniθɪŋ laɪk ˈɡrʌmbəlɪŋ/
Line 4
They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.
/ðeɪ krɔːst ðə plæˈtoʊ ənd dɪˈsendəd ˈɪntuː ðə ˈbærən pleɪnz əˈpɑːn ðə ˈʌðər saɪd/
Line 5
Here night overtook them; and as before a bitter frost threatened them with death.
/hiːr naɪt ˌoʊvərˈtʊk ðem ənd æz bɪˈfɔːr ə ˈbɪtər frɔːst ˈθretənd ðem wɪð deθ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barren adjective US /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading “They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.”

bullying noun US /ˈbʊliɪŋ/

the act of intimidating a weaker person to make them do something

From this reading “They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.”

frost noun US /frɔːst/

ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)

From this reading “Here night overtook them; and as before a bitter frost threatened them with death.”

grumbling noun US /ˈɡrʌmbəlɪŋ/

a loud low dull continuous noise

From this reading “He only had to command and he was obeyed; only once was there anything like grumbling.”

numb adjective US /nʌm/

lacking sensation

From this reading “They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.”

overtook verb US /ˌoʊvərˈtʊk/

inflected form of “overtake” — catch up with and possibly overtake

From this reading “Here night overtook them; and as before a bitter frost threatened them with death.”

plateau noun US /plæˈtoʊ/

a relatively flat highland

From this reading “They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.”

Sunrise noun US /ˈsʌnraɪz/

the first light of day

From this reading “THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

other side adjective + noun

In this reading “They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.”

descended into verb + particle counted as “descend into”

In this reading “They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.”

got over verb + particle counted as “get over”

travel across or pass over

In this reading “They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Here night overtook them; and as before a bitter frost threatened them with death.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading He only had to command and he was obeyed; only once was there anything like grumbling.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Here night overtook them; and as before a bitter frost threatened them with death.

barrenadjectiveUS /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Here night overtook them; and as before a bitter frost threatened them with death.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading Here night overtook them; and as before a bitter frost threatened them with death.

bullyingnounUS /ˈbʊliɪŋ/

the act of intimidating a weaker person to make them do something

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading He only had to command and he was obeyed; only once was there anything like grumbling.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.

DEATHnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.

descendedverbUS /dɪˈsendəd/

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.

emptyverbUS /ˈempti/

make void or empty of contents

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

EYEnounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.

frostnounUS /frɔːst/

ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)

From this reading Here night overtook them; and as before a bitter frost threatened them with death.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

grumblingnounUS /ˈɡrʌmbəlɪŋ/

a loud low dull continuous noise

From this reading He only had to command and he was obeyed; only once was there anything like grumbling.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He only had to command and he was obeyed; only once was there anything like grumbling.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here night overtook them; and as before a bitter frost threatened them with death.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading He only had to command and he was obeyed; only once was there anything like grumbling.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Here night overtook them; and as before a bitter frost threatened them with death.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.

numbadjectiveUS /nʌm/

lacking sensation

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

obeyedverbUS /oʊˈbeɪd/

past form of “obey” — be obedient to

From this reading He only had to command and he was obeyed; only once was there anything like grumbling.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading He only had to command and he was obeyed; only once was there anything like grumbling.

ONEpronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading He only had to command and he was obeyed; only once was there anything like grumbling.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

overtookverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈtʊk/

inflected form of “overtake” — catch up with and possibly overtake

From this reading Here night overtook them; and as before a bitter frost threatened them with death.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.

plateaunounUS /plæˈtoʊ/

a relatively flat highland

From this reading They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.

SunrisenounUS /ˈsʌnraɪz/

the first light of day

From this reading THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He only had to command and he was obeyed; only once was there anything like grumbling.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

threatenedadjectiveUS /ˈθretənd/

(of flora or fauna) likely in the near future to become endangered

From this reading Here night overtook them; and as before a bitter frost threatened them with death.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He only had to command and he was obeyed; only once was there anything like grumbling.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading They crossed the plateau, and descended into the barren plains upon the other side.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE DEATH OF ONE EYE From now on Sunrise was the leader of his people.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They never got over the bullying which he gave them, when they were numb and empty of fight.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Here night overtook them; and as before a bitter frost threatened them with death.

Chapter 18 of The Pagan's Progress by Gouverneur Morris holds 60 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Pagan's Progress contain?

Chapter 18 holds 60 sentences of The Pagan's Progress, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Pagan's Progress by Gouverneur Morris exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 60 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Pagan's Progress?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The Pagan's Progress

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Pagan's Progress, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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