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The Pagan's Progress
The Pagan's Progress

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of The Pagan's Progress is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.
The sun shone strongly and the sky was blue.
Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.
He was bent low to the ground, and extreme exhaustion marked his going.
His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Pagan's Progress

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of The Pagan's Progress is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.
/ðə lɔːŋ treɪl ˈsʌnraɪz ˈkæriɪŋ hɪz baʊ ənd ˈæroʊz tɔɪld ˈoʊvər ðə pleɪn ˈhevi wɪð muː ðə ˈriːsənt reɪn/
Line 2
The sun shone strongly and the sky was blue.
/ðə sʌn ʃoʊn ˈstrɔːŋli ənd ðə skaɪ wɑːz bluː/
Line 3
Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.
/bɪˈhaɪnd hɪm ðə snoʊ kæpt ˈmaʊntənz ˈɡlɪsənd ɪn ðə braɪt laɪt bɪˈfɔːr hɪm ə ˈbæriər ʌv ˈlɔːfti ˈfɔːrəst freʃ ənd ɡriːn mɑːrkt ðə tərməˈneɪʃən ʌv ðə pleɪn/
Line 4
He was bent low to the ground, and extreme exhaustion marked his going.
/hiː wɑːz bent loʊ tuː ðə ɡraʊnd ənd ekˈstriːm ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən mɑːrkt hɪz ˈɡoʊɪŋ/
Line 5
His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.
/hɪz hændz ənd fɔːˈrɑːrmz wɜːr dɑːrk ənd ˈklɑːtəd wɪð ðæt wɪtʃ wɑːz ˈdraɪɪŋ ɑːn ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

capped adjective US /kæpt/

used especially of front teeth having (artificial) crowns

From this reading “Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.”

clotted adjective US /ˈklɑːtəd/

thickened or coalesced in soft thick lumps (such as clogs or clots)

From this reading “His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.”

drying verb US /ˈdraɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “dry” — remove the moisture from and make dry

From this reading “His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.”

forearms noun US /fɔːˈrɑːrmz/

plural of “forearm” — the part of the superior limb between the elbow and the wrist

From this reading “His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.”

glistened verb US /ˈɡlɪsənd/

past form of “glisten” — be shiny, as if wet

From this reading “Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.”

moo verb US /muː/

make a low noise, characteristic of bovines

From this reading “THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.”

termination noun US /tərməˈneɪʃən/

a coming to an end of a contract period

From this reading “Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.”

toiled verb US /tɔɪld/

past form of “toil” — work hard

From this reading “THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

recent rain adjective + noun

In this reading “THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

arrowsnounUS /ˈæroʊz/

plural of “arrow” — a mark to indicate a direction or relation

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

barriernounUS /ˈbæriər/

a structure or object that impedes free movement

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

BehindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading He was bent low to the ground, and extreme exhaustion marked his going.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading The sun shone strongly and the sky was blue.

bownounUS /baʊ/

a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

cappedadjectiveUS /kæpt/

used especially of front teeth having (artificial) crowns

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

carryingverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

clottedadjectiveUS /ˈklɑːtəd/

thickened or coalesced in soft thick lumps (such as clogs or clots)

From this reading His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.

dryingverbUS /ˈdraɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “dry” — remove the moisture from and make dry

From this reading His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.

exhaustionnounUS /ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/

extreme fatigue

From this reading He was bent low to the ground, and extreme exhaustion marked his going.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading He was bent low to the ground, and extreme exhaustion marked his going.

forearmsnounUS /fɔːˈrɑːrmz/

plural of “forearm” — the part of the superior limb between the elbow and the wrist

From this reading His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

glistenedverbUS /ˈɡlɪsənd/

past form of “glisten” — be shiny, as if wet

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading He was bent low to the ground, and extreme exhaustion marked his going.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading He was bent low to the ground, and extreme exhaustion marked his going.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was bent low to the ground, and extreme exhaustion marked his going.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

loftyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːfti/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

LONGadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading He was bent low to the ground, and extreme exhaustion marked his going.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

mooverbUS /muː/

make a low noise, characteristic of bovines

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

shoneverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading The sun shone strongly and the sky was blue.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading The sun shone strongly and the sky was blue.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

stronglyadverbUS /ˈstrɔːŋli/

with strength or in a strong manner

From this reading The sun shone strongly and the sky was blue.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sun shone strongly and the sky was blue.

SunrisenounUS /ˈsʌnraɪz/

the first light of day

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

terminationnounUS /tərməˈneɪʃən/

a coming to an end of a contract period

From this reading Behind him the snow capped mountains glistened in the bright light, before him a barrier of lofty forest, fresh and green, marked the termination of the plain.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was bent low to the ground, and extreme exhaustion marked his going.

toiledverbUS /tɔɪld/

past form of “toil” — work hard

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

TRAILnounUS /treɪl/

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The sun shone strongly and the sky was blue.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading His hands and forearms were dark and clotted with that which was drying on them.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE LONG TRAIL Sunrise, carrying his bow and arrows, toiled over the plain heavy with moo the recent rain.

Chapter 23 of The Pagan's Progress by Gouverneur Morris holds 72 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The Pagan's Progress contain?

Chapter 23 holds 72 sentences of The Pagan's Progress, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The Pagan's Progress by Gouverneur Morris exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 72 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of The Pagan's Progress?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Pagan's Progress

Common questions about reading The Pagan's Progress by Gouverneur Morris on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Pagan's Progress?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Pagan's Progress is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Pagan's Progress take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Pagan's Progress section by section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Pagan's Progress

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Pagan's Progress, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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