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The Paladins of Edwin the Great
The Paladins of Edwin the Great

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Paladins of Edwin the Great is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.
He had established profound peace which continued until his death.
His sons Offrid and Eadfrid had grown to be fine young men.
The former was married and had a son called Iffi, after the King's grandfather.
Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Paladins of Edwin the Great

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Paladins of Edwin the Great is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.
Line 2
He had established profound peace which continued until his death.
/hiː hæd ɪˈstæblɪʃt proʊˈfaʊnd piːs wɪtʃ kənˈtɪnjuːd ənˈtɪl hɪz deθ/
Line 3
His sons Offrid and Eadfrid had grown to be fine young men.
Line 4
The former was married and had a son called Iffi, after the King's grandfather.
Line 5
Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

achieved verb US /əˈtʃiːvd/

past form of “achieve” — to gain with effort

From this reading “THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.”

assassinations noun US /əˌsæsəˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “assassination” — an attack intended to ruin someone's reputation

From this reading “Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.”

Edwin noun US /ˈedwən/

king of Northumbria who was converted to Christianity (585-633)

From this reading “THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.”

established adjective US /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading “He had established profound peace which continued until his death.”

fatal adjective US /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading “Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.”

infancy noun US /ˈɪnfənsi/

the early stage of growth or development

From this reading “Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.”

profound adjective US /proʊˈfaʊnd/

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading “He had established profound peace which continued until his death.”

undertaken verb US /ˈʌndərteɪkən/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading “THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most excellent adverb + adjective

In this reading “THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.”

most difficult adverb + adjective

In this reading “THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.”

young men adjective + noun

In this reading “His sons Offrid and Eadfrid had grown to be fine young men.”

fatal day adjective + noun

In this reading “Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The former was married and had a son called Iffi, after the King's grandfather.

achievedverbUS /əˈtʃiːvd/

past form of “achieve” — to gain with effort

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The former was married and had a son called Iffi, after the King's grandfather.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

assassinationsnounUS /əˌsæsəˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “assassination” — an attack intended to ruin someone's reputation

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading His sons Offrid and Eadfrid had grown to be fine young men.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

borneverbUS /bɔːrn/

inflected form of “bear” — have

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

BRETWALDA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The former was married and had a son called Iffi, after the King's grandfather.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading He had established profound peace which continued until his death.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading He had established profound peace which continued until his death.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

Eadfrid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His sons Offrid and Eadfrid had grown to be fine young men.

Eanflaed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

EdwinnounUS /ˈedwən/

king of Northumbria who was converted to Christianity (585-633)

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading He had established profound peace which continued until his death.

Ethelburga

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

Etheldrith

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

Ethelhun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

fataladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading His sons Offrid and Eadfrid had grown to be fine young men.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading The former was married and had a son called Iffi, after the King's grandfather.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

grandfathernounUS /ˈɡrændfɑːðər/

the father of your father or mother

From this reading The former was married and had a son called Iffi, after the King's grandfather.

GREATadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

great-grandfather

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading His sons Offrid and Eadfrid had grown to be fine young men.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had established profound peace which continued until his death.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He had established profound peace which continued until his death.

Iffi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The former was married and had a son called Iffi, after the King's grandfather.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

infancynounUS /ˈɪnfənsi/

the early stage of growth or development

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

King'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The former was married and had a son called Iffi, after the King's grandfather.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading The former was married and had a son called Iffi, after the King's grandfather.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading His sons Offrid and Eadfrid had grown to be fine young men.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

Offrid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His sons Offrid and Eadfrid had grown to be fine young men.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading He had established profound peace which continued until his death.

profoundadjectiveUS /proʊˈfaʊnd/

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading He had established profound peace which continued until his death.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading The former was married and had a son called Iffi, after the King's grandfather.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading His sons Offrid and Eadfrid had grown to be fine young men.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His sons Offrid and Eadfrid had grown to be fine young men.

undertakenverbUS /ˈʌndərteɪkən/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading He had established profound peace which continued until his death.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The former was married and had a son called Iffi, after the King's grandfather.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He had established profound peace which continued until his death.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading THE GREAT BRETWALDA Edwin had achieved the most excellent and most difficult work that could have been undertaken in that age.

Wuscfrea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ethelburga had borne Edwin four children--Eanflaed, born on the fatal day of the assassinations; Ethelhun and Etheldrith, who died in infancy; and a son named Wuscfrea, after the King's great-grandfather.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading His sons Offrid and Eadfrid had grown to be fine young men.

Chapter 20 of The Paladins of Edwin the Great by Clements R. (Clements Robert), Sir Markham holds 169 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Paladins of Edwin the Great contain?

Chapter 20 holds 169 sentences of The Paladins of Edwin the Great, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Paladins of Edwin the Great by Clements R. (Clements Robert), Sir Markham exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 169 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Paladins of Edwin the Great?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Paladins of Edwin the Great

Common questions about reading The Paladins of Edwin the Great by Clements R. (Clements Robert), Sir Markham on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Paladins of Edwin the Great?

Yes. All 3541 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45543 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Paladins of Edwin the Great is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45543, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Paladins of Edwin the Great take to read?

About 295 minutes of reading across 709 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Paladins of Edwin the Great

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Paladins of Edwin the Great, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Clements
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Paladins of Edwin the Great; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Markham
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Paladins of Edwin the Great; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Paladins of Edwin the Great; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Known
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Paladins of Edwin the Great; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.