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The Pampas and Andes
The Pampas and Andes

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Pampas and Andes is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
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LIFE ON THE PAMPAS.
At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.
We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.
This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.
Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Pampas and Andes

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Pampas and Andes is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LIFE ON THE PAMPAS.
/laɪf ɑːn ðə ˈpæmpəz/
Line 2
At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.
/æt ˈsʌnraɪz ɑːn ðə deɪ bʌt wʌn ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ðæt ˈmenʃənd æt ðə kloʊs ʌv ðə priˈsiːdɪŋ ˈtʃæptər aɪ left ðə haʊs ʌv maɪ ˈhɑːˈspɪtəbəl frend ˈæftər ˈbɪdɪŋ ˌferˈwel tuː maɪ ˈeɪmiəbəl ˈhoʊstəs ənd prəˈsiːdɪd wɪð ˈmɪstər dʒiː tuː ə ˈplɑːzə ɑːn ðə ˈaʊtskɜːrts ʌv ðə taʊn frʌm wens ɔːl truːps ʌv kɑːrts ɔːr mjuːlz teɪk ðer dɪˈpɑːrtʃər fɔːr ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈprɑːvənsəz ʌv ðə ˈkʌntri/
Line 3
We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.
Line 4
This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.
/ðɪs ˈdʒentəlmən rəˈsiːvd hɪz ˈvɪzɪtərz wɪð ə ˈpɑːmpəs weɪv ʌv ðə hænd ənd rɪˈkwestɪd ʌs tuː biː ˈsiːtɪd ˈpɔɪntɪŋ æt ðə seɪm taɪm tuː æn oʊld wiːl ˈlaɪɪŋ nɑːt fɑːr ɔːf əˈpɑːn ðə ɡraʊnd/
Line 5
Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

carts noun US /kɑːrts/

plural of “cart” — a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal

From this reading “At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.”

exchanging verb US /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “exchange” — give to, and receive from, one another

From this reading “Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.”

inexperienced adjective US /ɪnɪkˈspɪriənst/

lacking practical experience or training

From this reading “Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.”

outskirts noun US /ˈaʊtskɜːrts/

outlying areas (as of a city or town)

From this reading “At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.”

pampas noun US /ˈpæmpəz/

the vast grassy plains of northern Argentina

From this reading “LIFE ON THE PAMPAS.”

plaza noun US /ˈplɑːzə/

a public square with room for pedestrians

From this reading “At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.”

pompous adjective US /ˈpɑːmpəs/

puffed up with vanity

From this reading “This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.”

reclining noun US /rɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/

the act of assuming or maintaining a reclining position

From this reading “We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

preceding chapter adjective + noun

In this reading “At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.”

bidding farewell noun + noun

In this reading “At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.”

personal property adjective + noun

movable property (as distinguished from real estate)

In this reading “We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.”

young man adjective + noun

a teenager or a young adult male

In this reading “Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.”

same time adjective + noun

In this reading “This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.”

on the outskirts preposition + article + noun counted as “on … outskirts”

In this reading “At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.”

from whence preposition + adverb

In this reading “At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.”

At sunrise preposition + noun

In this reading “At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.”

All words in this reading · 132

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

accompanyingadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpəniɪŋ/

occurring with or following as a consequence

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

amiableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪmiəbəl/

disposed to please

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

biddingnounUS /ˈbɪdɪŋ/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

caravannounUS /ˈkærəvæn/

a procession (of wagons or mules or camels) traveling together in single file

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

cartnounUS /kɑːrt/

a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

cartsnounUS /kɑːrts/

plural of “cart” — a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

cigarito

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

complimentsnounUS /ˈkɑːmpləments/

(usually plural) a polite expression of desire for someone's welfare

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

containedadjectiveUS /kənˈteɪnd/

gotten under control

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

crossingnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪŋ/

traveling across

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

departurenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

ElnounUS /el/

angular distance above the horizon (especially of a celestial object)

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

enjoyingverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

exchangingverbUS /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “exchange” — give to, and receive from, one another

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

farewellnounUS /ˌferˈwel/

an acknowledgment or expression of goodwill at parting

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

fifthnounUS /fɪfθ/

a quantity of liquor equal to one fifth of a United States gallon

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

finishingnounUS /ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ/

a decorative texture or appearance of a surface (or the substance that gives it that appearance)

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

GnounUS /dʒiː/

a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

hospitableadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːˈspɪtəbəl/

favorable to life and growth

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

hostessnounUS /ˈhoʊstəs/

a woman host

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

inexperiencedadjectiveUS /ɪnɪkˈspɪriənst/

lacking practical experience or training

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

intentionnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃən/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

interioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

José

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

José's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

LeonnounUS /ˈliːɑːn/

a historical area and former kingdom in northwestern Spain

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

LIFEnounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading LIFE ON THE PAMPAS.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

maté

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

minutesnounUS /ˈmɪnəts/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

moreoveradverbUS /mɔːˈroʊvər/

in addition to what has just been said

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

mulesnounUS /mjuːlz/

plural of “mule” — hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

Norte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading LIFE ON THE PAMPAS.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

outskirtsnounUS /ˈaʊtskɜːrts/

outlying areas (as of a city or town)

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

ownernounUS /ˈoʊnər/

(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

PAMPASnounUS /ˈpæmpəz/

the vast grassy plains of northern Argentina

From this reading LIFE ON THE PAMPAS.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

patronnounUS /ˈpeɪtrən/

a regular customer

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

Perera

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

plazanounUS /ˈplɑːzə/

a public square with room for pedestrians

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

pointingverbUS /ˈpɔɪntɪŋ/

-ing form of “point” — indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

pompousadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːmpəs/

puffed up with vanity

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

proceededverbUS /prəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “proceed” — continue talking

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

proposedverbUS /prəˈpoʊzd/

past form of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

protectingadjectiveUS /prəˈtektɪŋ/

shielding (or designed to shield) against harm or discomfort

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

provincesnounUS /ˈprɑːvənsəz/

plural of “province” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

recliningnounUS /rɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/

the act of assuming or maintaining a reclining position

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

requestedadjectiveUS /rɪˈkwestɪd/

asked for

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

seatedadjectiveUS /ˈsiːtɪd/

(of persons) having the torso erect and legs bent with the body supported on the buttocks

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

skinnounUS /skɪn/

a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

sunrisenounUS /ˈsʌnraɪz/

the first light of day

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LIFE ON THE PAMPAS.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

visitorsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪtərz/

plural of “visitor” — someone who visits

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

wavenounUS /weɪv/

one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

wheelverbUS /wiːl/

change directions as if revolving on a pivot

From this reading This gentleman received his visitors with a pompous wave of the hand, and requested us to be seated, pointing at the same time to an old wheel lying not far off upon the ground.

whenceadverbUS /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading We entered the square in time to find Don José Leon Perera, the _patron_ or owner of the caravan, who was reclining upon a skin beneath the cart that contained his personal property, enjoying his cigarito, and finishing his fifth _maté_.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At sunrise on the day but one following that mentioned at the close of the preceding chapter, I left the house of my hospitable friend, after bidding farewell to my amiable hostess, and proceeded with Mr. G. to a plaza on the outskirts of the town, from whence all troops of carts or mules take their departure for the interior provinces of the country.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Some minutes having passed in exchanging compliments, after the manner of the country, Mr. G. informed the _patron_ that he had with him a young man who had come from _El Norte_ with the intention of crossing the pampas, and that he proposed accompanying the caravan on foot; moreover, as he was inexperienced, it would be necessary to place him beneath his (Don José’s) protecting care.

Chapter 8 of The Pampas and Andes by Nathaniel H. (Nathaniel Holmes) Bishop holds 135 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Pampas and Andes contain?

Chapter 8 holds 135 sentences of The Pampas and Andes, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Pampas and Andes by Nathaniel H. (Nathaniel Holmes) Bishop exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 135 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Pampas and Andes?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Pampas and Andes

Common questions about reading The Pampas and Andes by Nathaniel H. (Nathaniel Holmes) Bishop on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Pampas and Andes?

Yes. All 2887 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #69091 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Pampas and Andes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #69091, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Pampas and Andes take to read?

About 240 minutes of reading across 578 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Pampas and Andes section by section

How to work through The Pampas and Andes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of The Pampas and Andes to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Pampas and Andes

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Pampas and Andes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Pampas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pampas and Andes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Andes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pampas and Andes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thousand
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pampas and Andes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Miles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pampas and Andes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.