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The Parisians — Volume 04
The Parisians — Volume 04

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Parisians — Volume 04 is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Parisians — Volume 04
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.
His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.
Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.
"If not yet free to court her hand, am I free to expose myself to the temptation of seeking to win her affection?"
But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Parisians — Volume 04

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Parisians — Volume 04 is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.
Line 2
His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.
Line 3
Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.
Line 4
"If not yet free to court her hand, am I free to expose myself to the temptation of seeking to win her affection?"
/ɪf nɑːt jet friː tuː kɔːrt hɜːr hænd æm aɪ friː tuː ɪkˈspoʊz ˌmaɪˈself tuː ðə temˈteɪʃən ʌv ˈsiːkɪŋ tuː wɪn hɜːr əˈfekʃən/
Line 5
But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.
/bʌt wen hɪz ˈkʌzən wɑːz ɡɔːn hɪz hɑːrt bɪˈɡæn tuː əˈsɜːrt ɪts oʊn raɪts tuː ˈɑːrɡjuː ɪts oʊn keɪs ənd səˈdʒest moʊdz ʌv ˈrekənsaɪlɪŋ ɪts dɪkˈteɪts tuː ðə ˌɑːbləˈɡeɪʃənz wɪtʃ siːmd tuː əˈpoʊz ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

assert verb US /əˈsɜːrt/

state categorically

From this reading “But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.”

dictates noun US /dɪkˈteɪts/

plural of “dictate” — an authoritative rule

From this reading “But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.”

Graham's noun US /ˈɡreɪəmz/

possessive form of “graham” — United States evangelical preacher famous as a mass evangelist (born in 1918)

From this reading “Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.”

modes noun US /moʊdz/

plural of “mode” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading “But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.”

monopolized verb US /məˈnɑːpəlaɪzd/

past form of “monopolize” — have and control fully and exclusively

From this reading “His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.”

obligations noun US /ˌɑːbləˈɡeɪʃənz/

plural of “obligation” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading “But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.”

persuasion noun US /pərˈsweɪʒən/

the act of persuading (or attempting to persuade); communication intended to induce belief or action

From this reading “Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.”

reconciling adjective US /ˈrekənsaɪlɪŋ/

tending to reconcile or accommodate; bringing into harmony

From this reading “But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

addressedadjectiveUS /əˈdrest/

(of mail) marked with a destination

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

affectionnounUS /əˈfekʃən/

a positive feeling of liking

From this reading "If not yet free to court her hand, am I free to expose myself to the temptation of seeking to win her affection?"

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading "If not yet free to court her hand, am I free to expose myself to the temptation of seeking to win her affection?"

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

argueverbUS /ˈɑːrɡjuː/

present reasons and arguments

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

assertverbUS /əˈsɜːrt/

state categorically

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

BothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

companionshipnounUS /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/

the state of being with someone

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

consciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

cousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

cousinsnounUS /ˈkʌzənz/

plural of “cousin” — the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

D'Altons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

dictatesnounUS /dɪkˈteɪts/

plural of “dictate” — an authoritative rule

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

exposeverbUS /ɪkˈspoʊz/

expose or make accessible to some action or influence

From this reading "If not yet free to court her hand, am I free to expose myself to the temptation of seeking to win her affection?"

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

Graham'snounUS /ˈɡreɪəmz/

possessive form of “graham” — United States evangelical preacher famous as a mass evangelist (born in 1918)

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

habitualadjectiveUS /həˈbɪtʃuːəl/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading "If not yet free to court her hand, am I free to expose myself to the temptation of seeking to win her affection?"

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "If not yet free to court her hand, am I free to expose myself to the temptation of seeking to win her affection?"

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading "If not yet free to court her hand, am I free to expose myself to the temptation of seeking to win her affection?"

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

Isaura

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

modesnounUS /moʊdz/

plural of “mode” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

monopolizedverbUS /məˈnɑːpəlaɪzd/

past form of “monopolize” — have and control fully and exclusively

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading "If not yet free to court her hand, am I free to expose myself to the temptation of seeking to win her affection?"

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

necessarilyadverbUS /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

obligationsnounUS /ˌɑːbləˈɡeɪʃənz/

plural of “obligation” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

opposeverbUS /əˈpoʊz/

be against; express opposition to

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

persuasionnounUS /pərˈsweɪʒən/

the act of persuading (or attempting to persuade); communication intended to induce belief or action

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

reconcilingadjectiveUS /ˈrekənsaɪlɪŋ/

tending to reconcile or accommodate; bringing into harmony

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

rightsnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “right” — an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

seekingnounUS /ˈsiːkɪŋ/

the act of searching for something

From this reading "If not yet free to court her hand, am I free to expose myself to the temptation of seeking to win her affection?"

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

stayedverbUS /steɪd/

past form of “stay” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

strengthenedadjectiveUS /ˈstreŋθənd/

given added strength or support

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

suggestverbUS /səˈdʒest/

make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

temptationnounUS /temˈteɪʃən/

something that seduces or has the quality to seduce

From this reading "If not yet free to court her hand, am I free to expose myself to the temptation of seeking to win her affection?"

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

villanounUS /ˈvɪlə/

Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

visitedverbUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪd/

past form of “visit” — go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading His cousins the D'Altons have passed through Paris on their way to Italy, meaning to stay a few days; they stayed nearly a month, and monopolized much of Graham's companionship.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But when his cousin was gone, his heart began to assert its own rights, to argue its own case, and suggest modes of reconciling its dictates to the obligations which seemed to oppose them.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

winverbUS /wɪn/

be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious

From this reading "If not yet free to court her hand, am I free to expose myself to the temptation of seeking to win her affection?"

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Some weeks have passed since Graham's talk with Isaura in the garden; he has not visited the villa since.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Both these were reasons why, in the habitual society of the Duke, Graham's persuasion that he was not yet free to court the hand of Isaura became strengthened, and with that persuasion necessarily came a question equally addressed to his conscience.

Chapter 4 of The Parisians — Volume 04 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 114 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Parisians — Volume 04 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 114 sentences of The Parisians — Volume 04, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Parisians — Volume 04 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 114 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Parisians — Volume 04?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Parisians — Volume 04

Common questions about reading The Parisians — Volume 04 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Parisians — Volume 04?

Yes. All 832 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7740 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Parisians — Volume 04 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7740, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Parisians — Volume 04 take to read?

About 69 minutes of reading across 167 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Parisians — Volume 04 section by section

How to work through The Parisians — Volume 04 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of The Parisians — Volume 04 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Parisians — Volume 04

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Parisians — Volume 04, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Isaura
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Parisians — Volume 04; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cicogna
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Parisians — Volume 04; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Madame
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Parisians — Volume 04; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grantmesnil
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Parisians — Volume 04; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.