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The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)
The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) is here in full — 311 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)
Context Illustration Reading 1/62 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.
Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.
The handwriting is that of William Paston.
A mutilated endorsement, apparently in the handwriting of John Paston the younger, shows merely the words ‘ .
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) is here in full — 311 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.
Line 2
Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.
Line 3
The handwriting is that of William Paston.
Line 4
A mutilated endorsement, apparently in the handwriting of John Paston the younger, shows merely the words ‘ .
Line 5

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

endorsement noun US /enˈdɔːrsmənt/

a promotional statement (as found on the dust jackets of books)

From this reading “A mutilated endorsement, apparently in the handwriting of John Paston the younger, shows merely the words ‘ .”

fragments noun US /ˈfræɡmənts/

plural of “fragment” — a piece broken off or cut off of something else

From this reading “[Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.”

handwriting noun US /ˈhændraɪtɪŋ/

something written by hand

From this reading “The handwriting is that of William Paston.”

mutilated adjective US /ˈmjuːtəleɪtəd/

having a part of the body crippled or disabled

From this reading “[Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.”

refer verb US /rəˈfɜːr/

make reference to

From this reading “Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.”

referred verb US /rəˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading “Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.”

succeeding adjective US /səkˈsiːdɪŋ/

coming after or following

From this reading “Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.”

text noun US /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading “[Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

209

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading A mutilated endorsement, apparently in the handwriting of John Paston the younger, shows merely the words ‘ .

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

BnounUS /biː/

aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

contentsnounUS /ˈkɑːntents/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

endorsementnounUS /enˈdɔːrsmənt/

a promotional statement (as found on the dust jackets of books)

From this reading A mutilated endorsement, apparently in the handwriting of John Paston the younger, shows merely the words ‘ .

FootnotenounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊt/

a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

fragmentsnounUS /ˈfræɡmənts/

plural of “fragment” — a piece broken off or cut off of something else

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

handwritingnounUS /ˈhændraɪtɪŋ/

something written by hand

From this reading The handwriting is that of William Paston.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The handwriting is that of William Paston.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

LittleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading A mutilated endorsement, apparently in the handwriting of John Paston the younger, shows merely the words ‘ .

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

MSS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

mutilatedadjectiveUS /ˈmjuːtəleɪtəd/

having a part of the body crippled or disabled

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

nephewnounUS /ˈnefjuː/

a son of your brother or sister

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

Paston

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

referverbUS /rəˈfɜːr/

make reference to

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

referredverbUS /rəˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading A mutilated endorsement, apparently in the handwriting of John Paston the younger, shows merely the words ‘ .

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

succeedingadjectiveUS /səkˈsiːdɪŋ/

coming after or following

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading [Footnote 209-3: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] Of this letter only two fragments remain, giving, as will be seen, a very mutilated text.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Little more can be said about the contents than that they refer to money matters between William Paston and his nephew Sir John, which are probably those referred to in succeeding letters.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading A mutilated endorsement, apparently in the handwriting of John Paston the younger, shows merely the words ‘ .

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading A mutilated endorsement, apparently in the handwriting of John Paston the younger, shows merely the words ‘ .

Chapter 10 of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) by James [Editor] Gairdner holds 311 sentences, grouped into 63 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) contain?

Chapter 10 holds 311 sentences of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6), unabridged, divided into 63 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) by James [Editor] Gairdner exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 311 sentences, grouped into 63 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)?

Work through the 63 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 63 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)

Common questions about reading The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) by James [Editor] Gairdner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)?

Yes. All 5505 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42239 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42239, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) take to read?

About 458 minutes of reading across 1101 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) section by section

How to work through The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Apostrophes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quotation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Marks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Paragraph
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.